On March 1, 1934, the Great Empire of Manzhou was proclaimed. With his first edict, the newly proclaimed Emperor Pu Yi announced the establishment of an award system for the new empire. Three orders were established: the Order of the Blooming Orchid, which became the highest order of the empire, the Order of the Illustrious Dragon and the Order of the Benevolent Clouds. All orders of Manzhou-go had their full counterparts in the Japanese reward system. Thus, the Order of the Blooming Orchid corresponded to the Japanese Order of Chrysanthemum, the Order of the Glorified Dragon to the Order of the Rising Sun with paulownia flowers, and the Order of Benevolent Clouds, which had 8 degrees, to the Order of the Rising Sun.
On April 19, 1934, the law on orders and insignia was adopted, which regulates the issues of the award system.
Like the Manzhou guo empire itself, its reward system was under the complete control of the Japanese authorities. Sketches of the awards were developed by the professor of the Tokyo Higher Technical School Hata Shokichi. Orders for making awards were placed at the Osaka Mint. The awarding control was carried out by the command of the Kwantung Army, the vast majority of the awards went to Japanese military personnel and officials.
The first order for the manufacture of Manchu awards was sent on March 31, 1934. Have been ordered:
- Order of the Blooming Orchid with a Chain - 1
- Order of the Blooming Orchid on a large ribbon - 1
- Order of the Illustrious Dragon - 7
- Order of the Benevolent Cloud Class 1 - 25
- Order of the Benevolent Cloud Class 2 - 40
- Order of the Benevolent Clouds 3 classes - 25
- Order of the Benevolent Clouds Grade 8 - 1
- Order of the Blooming Orchid on a large ribbon - 1
In total, during the existence of the empire, according to various sources, from 166 to 196 thousand orders of all degrees were made.
The first awards took place on May 9, 1934, when 10 copies of the orders were presented. June 2, 1934 awarded 28 orders. On November 28, 1935, the third award took place - 4097 orders were awarded to officers of the Kwantung Army.
On September 14, 1936, the Order of the Pillars of the State was established in 8 degrees by imperial edict No. 142, which became an analogue of the Japanese Order of the Holy Treasure.
On July 14, 1938, five medals were instituted to award various civil merits. Five award badges were worn without ribbons and had a lower status than medals on ribbons.
On October 1, 1938, the insignia of the Manzhou Red Cross Society was established: the badge of Merit, the badge of honor and medals for special and full members of the society. As in the case of the orders, these awards repeated the similar awards of the Red Cross of Japan.
On November 11, 1943, the badge of Perseverance was established in two degrees, to encourage citizens for labor merits.
Also, several commemorative medals were established at the same time, designed to perpetuate various important events in the history of the empire, such as the formation of the state, the accession to the throne of Pu Yi, the emperor’s visit to Japan, the census, etc., as well as several departmental awards, such as a medal Police merit, and provincial government awards.
With the fall of imperial power in August 1945, all the awards of the Great Manzhou-th Empire ceased to exist.
Order
| Tape | Order | Established by | Degrees | Japanese counterpart |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Order of the Blooming Orchid | March 1, 1934 | 2 | Order of Chrysanthemum | |
| Order of the Illustrious Dragon | March 1, 1934 | one | Order of the Rising Sun with paulownia flowers | |
| Order of the Benevolent Clouds | March 1, 1934 | 8 | Order of the Rising Sun | |
| Order of the Pillars of State | September 14, 1936 | 8 | Order of the Sacred Treasure |
Civil Medals
| Tape | Medal | Established by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medal "For the Promotion of Harmony" | July 14, 1938 | ||
| Medal "For moral qualities" | July 14, 1938 | ||
| Medal "For righteous accomplishments" | July 14, 1938 | ||
| Public Service Medal | July 14, 1938 | ||
| Medal of Culture | July 14, 1938 |
Commemorative Medals
| Tape | Medal | Established by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medal "Foundation of the State" | March 1, 1933 | Established by the edict of the Head of State No. 11 in memory of the first anniversary of the proclamation of the State of Manzhou | |
| Medal “In memory of the first anniversary of the founding of the state” | March 1, 1933 | Established by the edict of the Head of State in memory of the first anniversary of the proclamation of the State of Manzhou | |
| Empire Founding Medal | March 1, 1934 | ||
| Medal "Accession to the throne of the Emperor" | March 1, 1934 | Established by imperial edict No. 19 | |
| Medal "Visit of the Emperor to Japan" | September 21, 1935 | Established by imperial edict No. 116 | |
| Medal "Loyalty, Fidelity and Courage of the Imperial Guard" | September 1936 | ||
| National Census Medal | June 7, 1940 | ||
| Medal "Foundation of the National Temple" | July 15, 1940 | Established by the imperial edict in memory of the opening of the main Shinto shrine of Manchuria | |
| Military Border Incident Medal | November 1940 | Established by imperial edict No. 310 in memory of the battles with the Mongolian and Soviet troops at Halkin-Gol | |
| Medal “In memory of the tenth anniversary of the founding of Manzhou-go” | 1942 year |
Red Cross Awards
| Tape | Medal | Established by | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Badge of Merit | October 1, 1938 | for women, the ribbon was in the shape of a bow | |
| Badge of honor | October 1, 1938 | ||
| Society Special Membership Medal | October 1, 1938 | ||
| Medal of Full Membership in the Society | October 1, 1938 |
Literature
- James W. Peterson. Orders and Medals of Japan and Associated States. - OMSA Monograph Number 1. Third Edition. - Orders and Medals Society of America, 2000. - P. 135-170. - ISBN 1-890974-09-9 .
- Kua, Paul LT Manchukuo's Award System and Some of its Lesser Known Awards // The Journal of the Orders and Medals Society of America. - 1998. - Vol. 49, no. 1 . - P. 17-26.
- Ionina N. Pu Yi and the rewards of Manzhou-th // 100 Great Awards. - M .: Veche, 2006 .-- S. 155-157. - (100 great). - ISBN 5-7838-1171-8 .
- Rozanov O. N. Award systems in politics and ideology of the countries of North-East Asia. - M .: Monuments of historical thought, 2008. - S. 131-137, 146-155. - ISBN 978-5-88451-238-2 .
- Rozanov, O. N., Japan: A History in Awards. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2001. - S. 103-110. - ISBN 5-8243-0235-9 .
- Rozanov O. N. Japan: awards and politics. - M .: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 2007. - P. 62-73. - ISBN 978-5-8243-0829-7 .
- Usov V.N. The Last Emperor of China: Pu Yi (1906-1967). - M .: OLMA-PRESS, 2003 .-- S. 177-178. - (Archive). - ISBN 5-224-04249-6 .
Links
- Japanese army. Award marks of the state of Manzhou-Guo : [ arch. 03/30/2017 ] // country-osi.narod.ru. - Date of appeal: 03/30/2017.
- Christopher Buyers. Manchuria. Orders & Decorations : [ arch. 03/31/2017 ]: [ eng. ] // Royalark.net. - Date of appeal: 03/31/2017.
- Manchukuo Empire Medal of Honor : [ arch. 03/31/2017 ]: [ eng. ] // Dai Nippon Military Antiques. - Date of appeal: 03/31/2017.
See also
- Japan awards