Galant, Ivan Borisovich

Galant Ivan Borisovich was born on February 20 ( March 4, New Style) in 1883 in the city of Krolevets, Chernihiv Province of the Russian Empire (now Sumy Region , Ukraine ), in the family of a merchant ^[1] . He graduated from high school in Russia.

In 1912, the family left for Germany .

In 1912, he entered the medical faculty of the University of Berlin. Humboldt (HU Berlin), in 1914 - first transferred to the University of Zurich (UZH) in Switzerland , then to the University of Basel (Universität Basel) ^[6] .

In 1917 , after graduation, he worked as a psychiatrist in medical institutions in Switzerland .

In 1922 he returned to the USSR . He was engaged in scientific activities in Moscow , headed the department of psychiatry at the psychiatric clinic of the First Moscow State Medical University. I.M.Sechenova .

In 1935 - was appointed to the post of chief doctor of the psychiatric hospital of the DCK ( Khabarovsk ).

March 8, 1935 - by order of the People's Commissar of Health of the RSFSR G. N. Kaminsky - was appointed the first head of the Department of Psychiatry of the Khabarovsk Order of the Red Banner of Labor at the State Medical Institute (KHMI), as a professor ^[7] . He headed the department for 30 years (with a break) ^[8] .

In 1937-1939 - was arrested, 26 months was under investigation ^[9] . He was accused of negligence in selecting patients for lecture demonstrations. As a result, one patient told a counter-revolutionary anecdote at a lecture, and the second patient answered the question: “Who did you draw?”, Called the name “ enemy of the people ” ^[10] .

In 1939, he filed a complaint with the Supreme Court of the USSR and was rehabilitated.

In 1948, the party committee commission, when testing scientific viability, discovered flaws: the dubious article “Cretinism in Marxism”, as well as the correspondence with Maxim Gorky , reflected in the monograph “Psychoses in the work of Maxim Gorky” ^[11] . In the same year, the Department of Psychiatry of the Kherson State Medical Institute was abolished, there was only a course of psychiatry at the department of nervous diseases. In 1955, the Department of Psychiatry was restored.

In October 1968, he retired.

In 1969, he was a scientific consultant to a psychiatric hospital in Ussuriysk ( Primorsky Territory ).

In 1970, he moved from the Russian Far East to Gomel ( Belarus ), to his daughter.

He worked as a scientific consultant at the Gomel Regional Psychiatric Hospital.

June 17, 1978 - died, buried in the city cemetery "Osovtsy" in the Soviet district of Gomel ^[2] .

In 1917, at the University of Basel in Switzerland, he defended his dissertation "Spinal reflex - a new reflex in infancy", received a diploma of a doctor of medicine. It was not recognized in the USSR ^[12] .

In 1941, at the Khabarovsk State Medical Institute, he presented his doctoral dissertation on the topic “Psychophysiology of Hallucinations”. Opponents indicated that “in his conception, the author is a vulgar Freudian ” ^[13] .

In 1944, at the Tomsk Medical Institute he defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Psychopathology and the clinic of spring-summer tick-borne encephalitis." He was accused of plagiarism, “misappropriation of materials from a clinic of nervous diseases” ^[11] , where he studied mental disorders in patients with tick-borne encephalitis.

In 1946, the Higher Attestation Commission approved a doctoral dissertation. In 1953, the academic title of professor was reappointed.

In the USSR, he founded the journal “ Clinical Archive of Genius and Endowment (Europathology) ”. Came out from 1925 to 1930 in Sverdlovsk . The collection published the work of psychologists and psychiatrists. The editor of the magazine is Grigory Vladimirovich Segalin .

He developed a new direction in psychiatry , studying genius on the basis of the human constitution called Euroendocrinology.

Explanation of Euroendocrinology ^[14] :

“If we take into account that the endocrine system ... affects the brain and the central ... nervous system in general, then we can easily see that all our mental functions are under the constant beneficial or inhibitory effect of endocrine glands, and there is no doubt that the cumulative component giftedness is wholly under the constant influence of the endocrine glands ”

Galant about Pushkin ^[15] :

“Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was distinguished by the harmonious function of both lobes of the pituitary gland, which determined the“ remarkable strength of his genius, striking youth, brilliance, beauty and inexhaustible energy. ” At the same time, Pushkin suffered from hypertrophic development of the gonads - he was a “painful hypergonadal erotomaniac type ...”

Galant about Yesenin :

“... It was not only a sick man, but also a mentally ill poet. The poem Black Man gives a clear, typical picture of the alcoholic psychosis that Yesenin suffered from. This is a typical alcoholic delirium with visual and auditory hallucinations, with severe states of fear and longing, with excruciating insomnia, with severe remorse and the urge to commit suicide. ”

Galant diagnosed Gorky :

“Suicidomania, poromania - a mania of vagrancy, a tendency to sadism ...”

Gorky wrote a joke about Galant: “In a dream, Professor Galant appeared to me, he poked a finger at me and shouted - how long have you become homosexual ?!”

Galant of Darwin :

“... The scientist had the gift of inseparable reflection - the unique ability to keep in mind, without switching to anything else, one topic until it is completely substantiated ...” The psychiatrist associated this with the “inadequate function of the adrenal glands (adrenal glands)”

In letters to Freud , he called him “a charlatan who managed to take advantage of the spiritual void in Europe after the death of Queen Victoria ” ^[4] .

In Khabarovsk, he was engaged in the study of regional pathology and the development of psychopathology of Far Eastern tick-borne encephalitis , summer-autumn mosquito (Japanese) encephalitis , and Far Eastern infectious hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis. At the same time he was engaged in the study of mental illness with influenza , rheumatism , and giardiasis .

He conducted advisory work in various psychiatric institutions of the Far East ( Komsomolsk-on-Amur , Nikolaevsk-on-Amur , Magadan , Ussuriysk , Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ).

For several years he was a Khabarovsk regional psychiatrist, a member of the board and chairman of the Khabarovsk regional society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists, a member of the board of the All-Union and All-Russian society of neuropathologists and psychiatrists, a member of the Amur branch of the Geographical Society of the USSR , a member of the bureau of the regional branch of the All-Union Society “Knowledge” , and deputy editor of “ Proceedings of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute. "

From an autobiography:

“My whole life has been devoted to mastering the highest cultural values ​​of mankind, the desire to serve the people with all the forces that nature and the social environment that educates me have gifted me. The great ideals of communism were not alien to me, although I must admit that before coming to the USSR I was not a conscious communist and imagined that a scientist can serve the people while remaining outside of politics.

Arriving in the USSR , I immediately realized my mistake, easily became convinced that science cannot be apolitical, that science and art can only serve the people if they use the Marxist methods of research widely in theory and in practice fulfill the great testaments of Marx and Engels - Lenin . And now, as a psychiatrist, I take an active part in the socialist construction of our great Motherland, and in my scientific work tirelessly work on the introduction of Marxist research methods in psychiatric science. "I dedicate Marxist psychiatry to a Soviet scientist all my life ..."

He corresponded with Austrian psychoanalyst, psychiatrist Sigmund Freud , writer Maxim Gorky ^[16] .

Gennady Kolotilin, professor at the Far Eastern State Medical University, doctor of medical sciences, psychiatrist: “Before some of Galant’s works, the influence of Freudianism affected Galant ... In particular, Galant developed the psychosexual theory of hallucinations. First put forward the theory of the psychophysiology of hallucinations. If Galant had now written a book on Freudianism, then he would have been raised to the shield as an outstanding scientist. And then he was branded for it ... ” ^[13]

Medal " For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. ",

Medal " For the victory over Japan ",

Medal " For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. ".

Two thanks from the chairman of the USSR State Defense Committee (GKO) I.V. Stalin for a large contribution and donation of personal gold and silver items to the defense fund during the Great Patriotic War .

Galant about Lenin :

Students of KHMI :

Memoirs of students about Galant:

“Once in a park on the banks of the Amur River , walking with a friend, we saw Professor Galant lying on a bench. He lay on his back with his hands thrown behind his head and looked into the sky. It was about three days. Apparently, he came here after work, next to him was a briefcase on the ground. We thought that he might have become ill, and therefore he lay down, came closer and asked: “What is the matter with you?”. “I'm just resting, breathing fresh air ...”, he replied

Twice married.

The son from his first foreign marriage - he lived in Austria , died in 1939 ^[4] .

Daughter from the second Soviet marriage - Lyubov Ivanovna Galant, lives in Israel , works in a psychiatric clinic ^[19] .

He lived in Khabarovsk , in a house on the street. Karl Marx, 49 (where the Bukinist store was).

Khabarovsk City Clinical Hospital wore them. I. B. Galanta (Khabarovsk, Kubyak St., 2) from 1996 to August 2009 , having lost its name, due to the fact that it became part of the regional psychiatric hospital.

The researcher of the biography of the scientist is his student Evgeny Chernosvitov ( Moscow ) ^{[12] [20]} .

One of the famous students is Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Gennady Kolotilin ( Khabarovsk ).

The scientist wrote more than 300 works, the most famous:

• Galant I. B. Psychoses in the work of Maxim Gorky. // Clinical archive of genius and giftedness (europathology). Issue 2nd. Volume IV. Ed. G.V.Segalina. - Sverdlovsk: Granite; - L., 1928 .-- 112 s. (Warehouse ed. Practical medicine).
• Galant I. B. Pyrogenic therapy for dementia praecox. // Russian Clinic, 1929. T. 11, No. 62. p. 687–697.
• Galant I. B. Psychosexual theory of hallucinations and alcohol-lucinosis. // Kazan. honey. Zh., 1929. No. 10. pp. 1068-1079.
• Galant I. B. Fifty years of Kozhevnikov epilepsy. / Monograph. - Khabarovsk: Border transporter, 1944. - 36 p.
• Galant I. B. Achievements of psychiatry in the study of spring-summer tick-borne encephalitis. - Khabarovsk, 1945 .-- 10 s.
• Galant I. B. Hepatocerebral diseases in psychiatric lighting. / Monograph. - Khabarovsk: Border transport carrier, 1946. - 52 p.
• Galant I. B. Far Eastern tick-borne encephalitis. Psychopathology and clinic. / Monograph. Ministry of Health of the RSFSR, Khabarovsk State honey. in-t. - Khabarovsk; - Blagoveshchensk: Amur truth, 1947-1948. - 264 p.
• Galant I. B. Alcoholism and the fight against it. - Khabarovsk: Book. ed., 1954. - 24 p.
• Galant I. B. Summer-spring mosquito (Japanese) encephalitis. Psychopathology and clinic, including an essay on the comparative psychopathology of viral encephalitis. / Monograph. - Khabarovsk, 1955 .-- 88 s.
• Galant I. B. 25 years of activity of the Khabarovsk Regional Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists - a branch of the All-Russian Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists. / Comp.: I. B. Galant, V. M. Kanter. - Khabarovsk, 1958.- 32 p.
• Galant I. B. It began with one glass. Comp .: I. B. Galant, I. N. Zykov. - Khabarovsk: Book. ed., 1959. - 40 p.
• Galant I. B. Drunkenness and mental illness. - M .: Medgiz, 1960 .-- 32 p. (Popular science medical literature).
• Galant I. B. It began with one glass. Comp .: I. B. Galant, I. N. Zykov. Ed. additional and pererabat. - Khabarovsk: Book. ed., 1961. - 44 p.
• Proceedings of the Khabarovsk Medical Institute. Abstracts of reports at the V scientific session May 24-28, 1947. Collection IX. Ed. A. M. Dykhno and I. B. Galant, S. K. Nechepaeva. - Khabarovsk: OGIZ-Dalgiz, 1948 .-- 82 p.
• Collection of scientific papers. Issue 5. Proceedings of a scientific conference dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the study of tick-borne encephalitis in the Far East. Infectious hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis, North Asian tick-borne rash typhus. Ed. Collegium: A. M. Krupnikova, L. A. Vereta, I. B. Galant, I. S. Zhdanov, A. V. Maslov, S. E. Shapiro. - Khabarovsk, 1959.- 196 p.

• Archive FENU. Personal file of I. B. Galant,
• Far Eastern Medical Journal. // No. 1, 1937 - Khabarovsk: Dalgiz, 1937. - 122 p.,
• Yuzefovich G. Ya. I'm going to the doctor. Conversations about early signs of mental disorders in children. - Khabarovsk: Book. ed., 1988. - 112 p. (Health library)
• Ivan Borisovich Galant (obituary). // Journal of Neuropathology and Psychiatry. S. S. Korsakova, 1979. No. 6,
• Cousin S. Without the right to clean science. // For medical personnel, 1990.10 oct.,
• Kaminsky Yu.V., Motavkin P.A. First Medical University of the Far East. - Khabarovsk, 1997 .-- 240 p., Ill.,
• Clinical archive of genius and giftedness (europathology). T. 1. Issue. 1. Ed. G.V.Segalina, 1925 / Ed. ed. A.P. Kormushkina. - St. Petersburg: Helikon Plus, 2002 .-- 218 p.,
• Clinical archive of genius and giftedness (europathology). T. 1. Issue. 2. Ed. G.V.Segalina, 1925 / Ed. ed. A.P. Kormushkina. - St. Petersburg: Helikon Plus, 2004 .-- 192 p.,
• Burno M. E. Apology of Gannushkin (to the course of lectures by E. V. Chernosvitov “Social Medicine”) // Independent Psychotherapist. Zh., 2002, No. 3. pp. 73-78,
• Burno M.E. Clinical Psychotherapy. - 2nd ed., Ext. and pererabat. - M .: Academic Project; Business Book, 2006. - 800 p., P. 746.,
• Chernosvitov E.V. Social medicine: Uch. benefits for universities. - M .: Unity-Dana, 2002 .-- 254 p.,
• Chernosvitov E.V. Formula of death. - M .: Iz-in RIC MDK, 2004 .-- 264 p., Ill. (Unknown. Edition for leisure),
• Anniversary book: 75th anniversary of the Far Eastern State Medical University (1930-2005). - Khabarovsk: Ed. GOU VPO DVGMU, 2005 .-- 326 p., Ill.,
• Pronyakin K. A., Kharitonova I. Yu. The secret of Dr. Galant: Swiss professor of psychiatry, for the diagnoses of Yesenin, Gorky and Andreev, was exiled to the Far East . // Debry-DV , 08/10/2009,
• Kolotilin G.F. Cannabinol and alcohol. Psychopathology of disorders (clinical pathomorphism of delirium). - Khabarovsk: Ed. GUZ KPB, 2010 .-- 247 p.,
• Pronyakin K.A., Kharitonova I. Yu. Secret of Professor Galant. // Medical Bulletin, 2010, No. 4-5, p. 23,
• Pronyakin K.A., Kharitonova I. Yu. I. Galant: Not of this world . // Debry-DV , 10/12/2010.
• Boyko T. A. Professor Galant - a man and a scientist. // Bulletin of public health and healthcare of the Far East of Russia (WHO); 2010, No. 1, pp. 1-6,
• Chernosvitov E.V., Chernosvitova M.A. Torrent Sutra SNA. Unknown Sigmund Freud and Ivan Galant. Scientific ed. Ph.D. Samoilova E.A. - M.: Publishing Solutions, 2017. - 60 p., Ill.,
• Pronyakin K. A. More about Khabarovsk Freud . // Debry-DV, 03/28/2017,
• Pronyakin K.A. The tomb of Khabarovsk Freud was found in Gomel . // Debry-DV, 04/06/2017.

• A brief outline of the history of the Far Eastern State Medical University (FENU from 1930 to 1939, KHMI from 1939 to 1996, FENU from 1996 to the present) . History of University. // FENU .
• History of the Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Far Eastern State Medical University . // FENU .
• Personal section on the Debry-DV website.