The Crown (Hat) of the Big Dress or the Hat of Astrakhan is a precious crown made under the direction of Efim Telepnyov , clerk of the Kremlin Armory in 1627 for Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich . She was the main decoration of the ceremonial royal attire - the "Big", or "First" Outfit.
Content
- 1 Description
- 2 Crown of the Big Dress in heraldry
- 3 See also
- 4 Literature
Description
This crown is made on the model of the Monomakh Caps , however, it has a Western European, Renaissance decor. That is why it was called in the descriptions “the cap of Fryashka” (Fryazka, that is, in a Western manner). It has a metal case, consisting of two “crowns”, decorated with a total of 177 precious stones and pearls . The lower “crown” has 6 teeth, the upper - 3. Sable fur is attached to the lower part of the metal case.
Here is a description of the crown of 1628 :
| “The cap that was made in the Order in gold affairs in 1627 with the Duma clerk under Efim Telepnev ... In the lower coruna it is set: the yazont lazorev is great four-cornered; two azure yachts, one osmiugolen, and the other quadrangular; two yachts of azure quadrilaterals, one oblong; 12 yachtingons are not big blue, eleven are octagonal, and the fourteenth is four-cornered; five lalas of large quadrangular; three lalas osmigons; 6 yachtingikov worm small; 6 emeralds are not small quadrangles, one is oblong; 11 small emeralds. Yes, 24 diamonds were put in the same korun. In the upper coruna set: one yakhont worm tetrahedral; 18 yachonics worm; 20 emeralds, eleven in six corners; two barks, one osmiugolen, and the other quadrangular; 4 yachts are azure, three are octagonal, and the fourth is quadrangular. Yes, 21 diamonds were put in the same upper coruna. Yes upstairs on a coruna set bark great that was removed from the sovereign Kazan hats. Yes, in the same Sovereign, the upper korun was placed on top of the Bolshevik bark grain on the fastener. Yes, under the lala in the underside for the fifth time on the back, the Gurmitsky grain is not small, rather flat. Yes, in the upper and lower coruna on towns and borders, stones were put in the nest and in the burrs of 60 grains of Gurmitsky large and among small ones ” |
The crown received its current state in the 1680s, when some of its precious stones were transferred to the new diamond crown of Ivan V Alekseevich, and others were added instead. For example, "barked great" that crowned the crown, was replaced by sapphire "diamond facet."
The crown weighs 4 pounds 78 spools without fur (about 1.5 kg). It was never used for the coronation of monarchs. From the moment Peter I organized the permanent meeting of the Armory in 1703 , the crown has always been in its composition.
Crown of the Big Dress in heraldry
In the XVIII century, the crown did not have the corresponding heraldic counterpart. In the description of the Armory of 1777 - 1778 . it was first called "Astrakhan". In those days, the archives of the 17th century were not given due attention, therefore the legend was invented that the crown was created by Tsar Fedor Alekseevich in memory of the conquest of “the kingdoms of Astrakhan and Tmutarakan in 7062”.
This mistake was refuted by academician F. G. Solntsev in the middle of the XIX century, after a careful study of the documents of the royal treasury. But the name has already taken root, and therefore in the Great State Emblem of the Russian Empire ( 1882 ) this crown crowned the shield with the emblem of the Kingdom of Astrakhan . In modern Russia, the crown is present in the coat of arms of the Astrakhan region .
See also
- Regalia of Russian monarchs
- Monomakh hat
- Hat Kazan
Literature
- Moscow Armory. At the highest level, the second, newly compiled edition. Printing house of Bakhmetev. M. 1860. - S. 42.
- Antiquities of the Russian state, published at the highest command of the sovereign Emperor Nicholas I: in 6 div. and add. to the depart. III. - Reprint edition of 1849-1853. - SPb .: Alfaret, 2006. - 2nd Branch, S. 9 - 14.