Penelopognathus (lat.) - genus of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaurs of the superfamily Hadrosauroidea from the Early Cretaceous era of Asia . The typical and only species Penelopognathus weishampeli was named and described by Pascal Godfroix and colleagues in 2005. The genus name is derived from the Greek words “penelops”, which means “wild duck” (also a reference to the name of the wife of Odysseus Penelope from Homer's poem), and “gnathos”, which means “jaw”. The species name was given in honor of David B. Weishampel, an American paleontologist who made a great contribution to the study of hadrosaurs [1] .
| † Penelopognathus |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Infraclass : | Archosauromorphs |
| No rank : | Archosauriformes |
| Infrastructure : | † Ornithopods |
| Parvotryad : | † Iguanodonts |
| Superfamily : | † Hadrosavroids |
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| International scientific name |
|---|
Penelopognathus Godefroit et al. 2005 |
| Single view |
|---|
† Penelopognathus weishampeli
Godefroit et al. 2005 |
Geochronology
Albanian age113.0-100.5 Ma | million years | Period | Era | Aeon |
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| 2,588 | Even | | | Ka | F
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R
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th | | 23.03 | Neogene | | 66.0 | Paleogen | | 145.5 | a piece of chalk | M
e
s
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s
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th | | 199.6 | Yura | | 251 | Triassic | | 299 | Permian | P
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l
e
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th | | 359.2 | Carbon | | 416 | Devonian | | 443.7 | Silur | | 488.3 | Ordovician | | 542 | Cambrian | | 4570 | Precambrian |
◄ Nowadays◄ Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction◄ Triassic extinction◄ Mass Permian Extinction◄ Devonian extinction◄ Ordovician-Silurian extinction◄ Cambrian explosion |
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The holotype IMM 2002-BYGB-1, which is the right tooth bone, was found in the layers of the Bain-Gobi formation, dated album , Inner Mongolia , China [1] .
Penelopognathus is diagnosed by the following autapomorphies : an elongated branch of the dentary (the ratio of length to height in the middle of the length is 4.6) with a direct ventral margin; on the lateral side of the dentary there are about 20 holes located unevenly [1] .
In general morphology, the Penelopognathus dentary teeth are similar to the Altirhinus and Probactrosaurus teeth (both genera are also from the early Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert), but they also have obvious differences in which the selection of the new genus Penelopognathus is true. The teeth of the latter are more primitive than Probactrosaurus teeth, but more advanced - Altirhinus .
According to the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Ramirez-Velasco in 2012 to clarify the position of Huehuecanauhtlus , Penelopognathus occupies a basal position in hadrosaroids [2] :