Ryazhskaya, Olga Georgievna

Born on May 12, 1941 in Moscow.

In 1964 she graduated from the Physics Department of Moscow State University .

From 1964 to 1971, she worked at the P. Lebedev Physical Institute ( FIANe ) in the Neutrino Laboratory.

In 1970 - she defended her thesis, the theme: "The study of nuclear interactions of cosmic ray muons with matter."

From 1971 to the present, he has worked at the Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences .

Since 1985 - heads the Laboratory of Electronic Methods for Detecting Neutrinos of the Department of High Energy Leptons and Neutrino Astrophysics.

In 1987 she defended her doctoral thesis, the topic: "Penetrating radiation under the ground and the study of their characteristics with the help of large-volume scintillation detectors."

In 1997 he was awarded the title of professor.

In 2000 - elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The area of ​​scientific interests and the field of scientific activity: cosmic ray physics, underground physics, neutrino astrophysics, experimental nuclear physics.

Developed, created and experimentally confirmed the theory of generation of the nuclear-active component of cosmic rays underground, proved that the main source is the nuclear-cascade process that occurs after the inelastic interaction of muons with soil nuclei. She showed the importance of this process for all low-background experiments.

She proposed and substantiated the method of studying penetrating radiation under the ground with the help of large-volume scintillation detectors. To implement this technique, under her leadership, 3 large scintillation detectors were developed and built: single module, 130 m3 in size - in the salt mine of Artyomovsk (“Collapse”), multimodular, 108 m3 in volume - under Mont Blanc (LSD) and 1100 m3 - under the Gran Sasso (LVD, Gran Sasso National Laboratory ). These detectors are versatile, multipurpose devices designed for a wide range of problems of underground physics. The Russian-Italian LVD detector is the world's largest scintillation-iron calorimeter.

One of the authors of a highly transparent liquid scintillator, the use of which has opened up the possibility of creating large-volume scintillation detectors. She proposed and put into practice a high-precision method for separating electromagnetic and nuclear cascades according to the number of neutrons registered in them. Under her leadership, the energy spectrum of cosmic ray muons was measured up to energies of 16 TeV and it was shown that it has no anomalies. The cross section for inelastic scattering of muons was measured and it was established that up to energies of 5 TeV, it agrees well with the vector dominance model. It was shown that the main mechanism of generation of high-energy atmospheric muons (more than 1 TeV in showers created by gamma quanta, and more than 1 PeV in showers created by protons) is the direct production of muon pairs by gamma quanta.

She developed and implemented a method for recording neutrino fluxes from the gravitational collapse of stars using large volume scintillation counters. She proposed a method that allowed the registration of both particles - a positron and a neutron - in the reaction of the reverse beta decay.

Created a service to monitor the collapse of stars in the galaxy. She is one of the authors of the method for detecting muon and tau neutrinos, as well as searching for oscillations during the registration of neutrino radiation from collapsing stars. She showed that the gravitational collapse of a star is always accompanied by a gamma-ray burst, as well as an explosion of hydrogen-containing objects located near the collapsar.

Collapse scintillation detector and iron scintillation calorimeters LSD and LVD have been observing the collapse of stars in the Galaxy and Magellan Clouds since 1978. In 1987, the LSD detector detected a neutrino signal during a flash of the Supernova SN1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud: it was shown that the neutrino emission was a two-stage one. The collapse of stars in our Galaxy for 31 years of observation was not found, which gives a limit on their frequency of less than 1 event at 13 years at a 90% confidence level.

Member of the Scientific Council of the INR RAS, specialized councils of the INR and LPI, the scientific council on the complex problem “Cosmic rays” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the neutrino council of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

From 1999 to 2006 - member of the international commission C4 (cosmic rays) of the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Physics ( IUPAP ). Supervises the work of the LVD Collaboration from the Russian side. It makes a great contribution to the development of international scientific cooperation between Russia and Italy.

He is the author of more than 270 scientific papers in the field of underground physics, cosmic ray physics, neutrino astrophysics, and experimental nuclear physics.

• Order "Badge of Honor" (1978)
• Medal "Veteran Labor" (1986)
• Medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow" (1997)
• The Academician MA Markov Prize of the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (together with E.N. Alekseev , , 2007) for developing the methodology, creating experimental facilities, registering the neutrino signal from the gravitational collapse of the massive star SN1987A and the outstanding contribution to the development of basic research in the field of "underground neutrino physics"
• Certificate of Merit of the Presidium and the Trade Union of Workers of the Russian Academy of Sciences (2000)
• her name is entered in the Book of Honor of the INR RAS (2000)

• Ryazhskaya, Olga Georgievna on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Ryazhskaya, Olga Georgievna on the mathematical portal Math-Net.Ru
• Olga Ryazhskaya (IS ARAN) (Neopr.) . isaran.ru. The appeal date is March 23, 2017.
• INR RAS - page of Corresponding Member of the RAS OG Ryazhskaya ( Neopr .) . inr.ru. The appeal date is March 23, 2017.
• Jubilee O. G. Ryazhskoy (Neopr.) . inr.ac.ru. The appeal date is March 23, 2017.