Umbanda is a Brazilian syncretic religion consisting of Catholicism , Allan Cardek's spiritualism, and Afro-Brazilian traditions. It was founded in 1907 in Rio de Janeiro and finally formed in 1920. By the end of the 20th century. the number of adherents of umbanda was about a million people, mainly residents of Brazil.
Umbanda is based in most of its varieties on worshiping the Orish deities, however, only in an indirect way. In Umbanda, it is customary to honor spiritual guides working "on the roads" of various Orisha. These spiritual entities are divided into lines and groups controlled by certain Orishas. As a rule, the followers of Umbanda distinguish 7 lines, corresponding to 7 Orishas, in which spiritual beings are grouped, bearing different names and representing different archetypes.
The first temples (terreira) of Umbanda appeared at the very beginning of the 20th century. By about 1920, this spiritual movement took shape as an independent religion, and today there are several different independent species of Umbanda, for example, the esoteric Umbanda, classical Umbanda, AUMband (with a strong influence of Eastern teachings), Umbanda Kruzada (where they still make bloody sacrifices ), the white Umbanda, etc. It is customary to consider Zelio de Moraesa as the founder of the classic Umbanda - it was he who founded the first terraira of Umbanda in Brazil at the direction of one of the spiritual guides.
See also
- Candomble