Sosnovy Bor (city)

Earlier on the site of the city was the ancient village of Ustya. For the first time, the village of Ustia is mentioned on the map of Ingermanland by A. I. Bergenheim , compiled from Swedish materials from 1676 ^[3] . Then Ustia is mentioned on the Swedish "General Map of the Province of Ingermanlandia" of 1704 ^[4] . It is, like the village of Ustia, mentioned in the "Geographical Drawing of Izhora Land" by Adrian Schonbeck in 1705 ^[5] .

• December 10, 1958 - by the decision of the Leningrad Executive Committee in the Lomonosov district , a new settlement was registered and assigned to the category of working villages with the name Sosnovy Bor ^[6] .
• 1961 - Lensspetskombin "Radon" begins to work. Today it is a regional multi-purpose complex for the collection, processing and long-term storage of radioactive waste.
• 1962 - a branch of the Institute of Atomic Energy named after I.V. Kurchatova . Today it is a Research Technological Institute. A.P. Aleksandrova.
• 1963 - begins the construction of buildings of the branch of the State Optical Institute. S. I. Vavilova . Today it is the Scientific Research Institute of Optoelectronic Instrumentation (OJSC “NII OEP”).
• 1966 - The Northern Construction Administration (SUS) is established. Its main object was the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant .
• April 19, 1973 - By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR, the working village of Sosnovy Bor was transformed into the city of regional subordination - the birthday of the city of Sosnovy Bor .
• December 23, 1973 - the first power unit of the Leningrad NPP with the RBMK-1000 reactor was launched.
• November 12, 1974, in accordance with the Decision of the Executive Committee of the Leningrad Regional Council of Workers' Deputies No. 430 "On some changes in the administrative-territorial division of the Lomonosov district and the city of Sosnovy Bor" rural settlements, the abolished Ustinsky Village Council : Kernovo, Rakopezhi, Ustye, Ruchey, pos. Smolnensky entered the line of the city of Sosnovy Bor as actually merged with it, and the villages of Mustovo and Sista-Palkino were administratively subordinated to the Sosnovy Bor City Council of Workers' Deputies ^[7] .
• 1981 - the fourth power unit reached the design power level, and the Leningrad NPP with a capacity of 4 million kW became the largest nuclear power plant in the world at that time.
• 1996 - the first Charter of Sosnovy Bor was adopted, the first mayoral elections were held.
• 2002 - The Leningrad NPP generated the 600th billion kilowatt-hours . This is a record for electricity production in nuclear power plants in Europe .
• From January 1, 2006, in accordance with the regional law No. 22-oz dated March 31, 2005 “On Establishing the Borders of the Sosnovoborsky City District” Municipal Formation, the city forms the Sosnovoborsky City District municipality ^[8] .
• August 30, 2007 - the ceremonial laying of the capsule at the construction site of the future Leningrad NPP-2 .

The city is located on the road 41A-007 ( St. Petersburg - Ruchi ) at the junction of the road 41K-137 ( Fort Krasnaya Gorka - Sosnovy Bor), 92 km ^[9] west of St. Petersburg on the shore of the Koporskaya Bay of the Gulf of Finland .

The Kovashi River flows within the city.

The Kalishche railway station (the terminal station for electric trains of the Kalishchensky direction) and the platform of the 80th kilometer on the line St. Petersburg - Weimarn .

• The average annual temperature is 4.7 ° C
• Average wind speed - 2.9 m / s

As of January 1, 2019, in terms of population, the city was on the 237th place out of 1,115 ^[29] cities of the Russian Federation ^[30] .

National composition

According to the 2002 census, the national composition of the population of Sosnovy Bor was as follows ^[31] :

• Russians - 53705 (81.2%)
• Ukrainians - 2224 (3.4%)
• Belarusians - 1001 (1.5%)
• Tatars - 513 (0.8%)
• Armenians - 145 (0.2%)
• Germans - 133 (0.2%)
• Chuvash - 131 (0.2%)
• Finns - 129 (0.2%)
• Azerbaijanis - 122 (0.2%)
• others - 8034 (12.1%)

Monuments and Landmarks

• Andersengrad is a children's game complex, stylized as medieval Western European architecture. Built by architect Yuri Savchenko . The town hall tower of the complex is placed on the coat of arms of the city, which was also created by Yuri Savchenko.
• Monument to the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident
• Monument to the founder of NITI, Academician A.P. Aleksandrov (sculptor A.S. Charkin ) on the territory of NITI
• Bronze bust of academician A.P. Aleksandrov
• Monument to V.I. Lenin
• Stela "Nick"
• Monument of wooden architecture, merchant "Petrov's House"
• Sosnovy Bor City Museum “Museum of Military Glory”
• Children's game complex "Small Koporskaya Fortress "

Art

• The sculptor Vladimir Petrovichev , the author of a number of sculptures installed in St. Petersburg, created for the city the sculpture "Golden Fish", which is located on Leningradskaya Street, as well as the stela "Nika" ^[32] .
• Sosnovy Bor Art Museum of Modern Art.
• The album " Performance is allowed " with the songs of Viktor Tsoi , Boris Grebenshchikov and Mike Naumenko was recorded at a concert in Sosnovy Bor.
• In Sosnovy Bor, the films Feedback , Tutor , Ivan and Kolombina, Atomic Ivan , Alien were shot, and an episode of The Tale of the Star Boy was shot in Andersengrad.
• Sosnovoborsky animators took part in the creation of the 3D cartoon “ Nosferatu. The horror of the night ” ^[33] .
• Children's art school "Baltika".

Sport

In Sosnovy Bor the team of the Higher League A of the Russian Volleyball Championship Dynamo (Leningrad Region) is playing. Also, a biathlon section is organized in the city, among the pupils of which are winners of the world championships, winners of the championships of Russia, a member of the national team.

For sports and cultural events, the Energetik sports and concert complex with sports halls and swimming pools is used.

Olympic biathlon champion Dmitry Malyshko is a native of Sosnovy Bor.

“Bronze” medalist of the 2018 Curling Olympics Anastasia Bryzgalova - a native of Sosnovy Bor.

Since 1992, the sports and tourist center MBOU DOD "Juventa" has been operating, which teaches children aged 8 to 18 in four areas: orienteering , sports tourism , rock climbing and local history ^[34] .

Media

The following media operate on the territory of the city:

• Newspaper Mayak ^[35]
• The newspaper Tera Press ^[36]
• Broadcasting company TeRa-studio ^[37]
• STV Television Company (Sosnovoborsky Television) ^[38]
• Municipal Television and Radio Company “Baltic Coast” ^[39]
• Collectnews Online Edition ^[40]
• Advertising newspaper "Business Sosnovy Bor" ^[41]
• Fresh FM Radio, 105.0 MHz ^[42]
• Radio " Road Radio " 102.6 MHz ^[43]
• Radio " Energy " 97.4 FM ^[44]
• Radio Europe Plus 95.3 FM ^[45]

Religion

There are several Orthodox churches in the city. The city is the center of the Sosnovoborsky deanery district of the Gatchina diocese , which includes the territory of the city itself and the Lomonosov district.

Temples of the city:

• Cathedral of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Burning Cupid ” ^[46] . (interesting in that it is built in the style of experimental neo-constructivism , atypical of Orthodox church building);
• Temple of the Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon;
• The Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov (being designed) and the ascribed temple-chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (in force) ^[47] ;
• Church of St. right Lazarus (under construction);
• Chapel at TsMSCH-38;

For 2018, the following institutions represent the education system of Sosnovy Bor ^[48] :

• 17 preschool, 3 of them - "Child Development Centers"
• 57 additional developmental activities, including circles, ^[49] for preschool children
• 9 comprehensive schools
• 1 private school
• 1 evening school
• 7 institutions of continuing education
• 5 Continuing education courses, professional retraining
• Correctional School
• 13 Scientific Institutions
• "University of the Third Age" social education project
• FSB Institute
• Training Center VUNTS Navy "Naval Academy" named. Kuznetsova
• Sosnovy Bor Polytechnic College
• Branches of universities of St. Petersburg

• Institute of Nuclear Energy (branch) of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education in Sosnovy Bor

Sosnovy Bor was one of 33 cities in Russia, officially closed for visiting without a special pass. The reason is the presence in it of a thread to them. A. P. Alexandrova, military units and the existence of the border zone around the city ^[50] . From January 1, 2013, citizens of the Russian Federation do not need a pass to enter the city (only a document proving the citizenship of the Russian Federation is required) ^[51] .

• Branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC " Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant"
• Public Joint-Stock Company Northern Construction Directorate (PJSC SUS)
• Leningrad branch of FSUE "RosRAO"
• Research Technological Institute (NITI) them. A.P. Aleksandrova (FSUE NITI named after A.P. Aleksandrov)
• Research Institute of Optoelectronic Instrumentation (a branch of the State Optical Institute named after S.I. Vavilov )
• Holding Titan-2
• Scientific Research Institute of Optoelectronic Instrumentation (NII OEP OJSC)
• Agrofirm "Dew"
• Abrasive Technologies LLC (National Chemical Company CJSC)

The banking sector in Sosnovy Bor is represented by the branches of Sberbank of Russia , VTB , Gazprombank , Alfa Bank , Ak Bars , Vostochny Express Bank , Mosoblbank , Vneshprombank , Baltic Bank , "Tauride", " Binbank Credit Cards ", " Let's go! "," Ruskobank "," Constance Bank "," Russian Agricultural Bank ".

The first Internet access channel in the city of Sosnovy Bor was launched on June 10, 1996.

Since 1999, the construction of the first citywide network has begun. Currently, the city has three fixed access Internet providers :

• Dom.ru (formerly INFOCENTER LLC and InterZet ) - providing access to the Internet through Ethernet technology,
• Rostelecom - providing access to the Internet using ADSL and Fiber-optic communication technologies
• MTS (formerly Spectrum Television Company) - providing access to the Internet through Ethernet technology and through the KTV network.

Since 2008, a 3G network has been operating in the city, since 2010 - 4G .

•  

  Children's architectural complex "Andersengrad"

•  

  Temple "The Burning Kupina"

50 years of October, Alexander Nevsky Prospect, Afanasyev, Borovaya, Hospital Town, Veteranov Alley, Vokzalny passage, Vysotnaya, Geroyev Avenue, Zarechnaya, Kalishchenskaya, Komsomolskaya, Koporskoye Shosse, Koporsky Regiment, Cosmonauts, Krasnye Forts, Leningradskaya, Leningradskaya Shosse, , Lipovsky passage, Meadow, Small Earth, Machine builders, Peace, Youth, Marine, Embankment, New, Park, Peter the Great, Pioneer, Victory Square, Border, Field, River, Garden, Siberian, Cathedral passage, Soviet, Sokolov a, Solnechnaya, Ustinskaya, Energetikov passage ^[52] .

• Alexandrov Anatoly Petrovich , President of the USSR Academy of Sciences
• Gromova Nina Alekseevna, director of school No. 2
• Melnikov Fedor Mikhailovich, creator and head of the Juventa Children's Youth Tourism and Excursions House
• Eperin Anatoly Pavlovich , Director of the Leningrad NPP (1983-1996)
• Zayonchkovsky Vasily Kazimirovich, Major General (led the 5th OBMP in the battles for the Kopory Bay and the Voronka River)
• Muravyov Valentin Pavlovich , first director of the Leningrad NPP
• Krutyakova Alexandra Ivanovna, teacher, created 3 Museum of Battle Glory in the city
• Maryasov Gavriil Nikolaevich , Hero of Socialist Labor, made a great contribution to the construction of Leningrad NPP facilities
• Frol Anton Pavlovich, builder, under his leadership, 8 monuments to the participants of the Great Patriotic War were created
• Grigory Naginsky , Russian statesman
• Nekrasov Valery Ivanovich, mayor of Sosnovy Bor (1991-2005)
• Vyacheslav Andreevich Vasilenko, scientist-developer of systems for modeling, control and monitoring
• Savchenko Yuri Timofeevich , chief architect of the city (1990-1998)
• Uvarov Vladimir Petrovich, surgeon, public figure
• Pereguda Vladimir Ivanovich, Director of the Leningrad NPP
• Bederdinov Vladimir Arifullovich, head of the Navy Training Center

As of January 2018, twinning agreements were concluded between Sosnovy Bor and five cities ^[54] :

•   Alexandroupolis , Greece
•   Ostrovets , Belarus
•   Kalajoki , Finland
•   Pyhäjoki , Finland
•   Raahe , Finland
•   Elektrostal , Russia

• Rendel K. Born at Dawn. - SPb. : publishing house Polytechnic. University , 2006 .-- 238 p. - ISBN 5742213409 .
• Filatov G.V. City as a gift. - Sosnovy Bor, 2007.

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