Gargoyle [1] , or Gargoyl [2] ( fr. Gargouille ), appears as a proper name in the local myth of St. Roman , Bishop of Rouen (VII century), long before the construction term . According to legend [3] , with a holy prayer he tamed a monster living in the lower Seine , called Gargouille.
Legend
Etymology
The name Gargouille arose from the same model as the construction term - from the verb gargouiller with the meaning gurgle, grumble, mumble, chat , like the names of other monsters of the local urban mythologies of France [4] , is nothing more than a mocking nickname [5] , which can it would be translated as “Squirrel” or “Strip” [6] , cf.: Grand 'Gueule (or Grand' Goule) from Poitiers only means "Big Mouth" (see gueule ), Graoully (aka Graouli, Graouilly, Graouilli, Graully) from Metz is being raised to him. graulich - “terrible, terrible”, Chair Salée from Troyes means “corned beef”. The Rouen Gargouille is not all alone, because you can find creatures with the names Gargelle, Garagoule (her namesake lived in Provence ) - all from the same “throat”. Interestingly, according to the same model, Rabelais compiled the names of his Granguzier, Gargameli and Gargantua [7] . The annoying alliteration of most of these names, varying the same consonance, is noteworthy [8] .
All this range of names allows us to talk about the existence of a certain general model for the familiar naming of folklore monsters of the early French Middle Ages - a model that could be reproduced even when a century later an architectural term appeared [9] . Neither the localization of the myth [10] , nor the very way in which the character’s name is formed - the name in which its genesis is clearly traced [11] - allows the talk about the direct succession of the name of the engineering part of the Rouen La Gargouille [11] - the same as the term Gargoyle.
Notes
- ↑ In the academic “History of Aesthetics” Gargoyle is written (see History of Aesthetics: Monuments of World Aesthetic Thought. / Ed. Ovsyannikov M.F. - M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Arts of the USSR, 1962. T. 3. P. 531).
- ↑ At the Amphitheater near the original Gargouille, Gargoyle is used.
- ↑ Story outlines, see e.g. in the Easter essay by A. V. Amfiteatrov “Red Testicle” .
- ↑ See the list of dragons (inaccessible link) (also kites, giant snakes, crocodiles and just beasts, bêtes ) with reference to specific geographical points in the publication Kintia Appavou, Régor-Robert Mougeot . La Vouivre: Un symbole universel - Paris, Table d'émeraude, 1993 .-- 340 p.
- ↑ This is indicated, in particular, by the French medievalist Jacques Le Hoff , see Le Hoff J. Another Middle Ages: Time, Labor and Culture of the West. - Yekaterinburg: publishing house of the Ural University, 2002.S. 161.
- ↑ As M. Bakhtin notes, “the formation of proper names by the type of curses is the most common way ... in a folk comedian” ( M. Bakhtin, Decree, Op. P. 492)
- ↑ Ibid. S. 491.
- ↑ For this, see the short article Archived November 17, 2012 on the Wayback Machine , citing, in turn, a study by K. Appavou, R.-R. Mougeot . Op. cit. Unfortunately, its full text is not available online.
- ↑ Wed according to Bakhtin about the erased boundaries between proper and common nouns: “... the virgin words of the spoken vulgar language, first included in the literary language system, are close in some respects to proper names: they are individualized in a special way, and the brane is too strong in them a laudatory moment, bringing them closer to the nickname and nickname; they are not yet sufficiently generalized and neutral to become simple common nouns for a literary language ”( Bakhtin M. Ukaz. Op. cit. p. 490).
- ↑ Upstream of the Seine we encounter a similar myth about St. Marcellus who saved ancient Paris from ... an unnamed dragon. Gothic itself, whose homeland is Ильle-de-France , is considerably delayed in neighboring Normandy (see, for example, Auguste Choisy . Decree. Op. Pages 440–441), and the Gargoyles themselves are much less likely to be exposed there due to the fragility of the local stone. sculpted and often absent altogether (see Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc . Op. cit. P. 28 ).
- ↑ The presence of a definite article in the name La Gargouille unequivocally indicates that it is produced in the common name and the presence of the appellative is noticeable in it, cf. centaure is a centaur, but Le Centaure is the constellation of Centaurus, tondu is adj. short-haired, but Le [Petit] Tondu - Shearer , Napoleon's nickname among his soldiers, un temple - noun. temple, but Le Temple - Jerusalem Temple , invincible - adj. invincible, but L'Invincible - “Invincible” , the name of the ship.