Ukrainians in Croatia ( Ukrainian Ukrainian in Croatia ) is one of the ethnic communities in the territory of this country, which was mainly formed under the influence of historical and political reasons during the joint presence of Croatia and Ukrainian Galicia , Bukovina, Transcarpathia as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . According to the 2011 census in Croatia, the total number of Ukrainians is about 3800 people [1] . The places of compact residence of the Ukrainian diaspora are mainly in northeastern Croatia, the region of Eastern Slavonia : Zagreb , Vukovar , Slavonski Brod , Osijek , the villages of Lipovlyani, Kanizha, Petrovka, Shumeche, Miklushevtsi [2] .
| Ukrainians in Croatia Ukrainian Ukrainian to Croatia | |
|---|---|
| In total: in Croatia - about 3800 people. | |
| Tongue | Ukrainian , Croatian |
| Religion | in most cases, Christians :
|
History of the Ukrainian Diaspora
Ukrainians in Croatia are among the oldest Ukrainian diasporas in the world [2] . In the middle of the XVIII century, immigrants from the Carpathian regions of Slovakia under the name "Rusyns" came to the territory of the Serbian Vojvodina , from there there was a resettlement to eastern Slavonia , to the territory of present-day Croatia [2] .
Later, in the late XIX - early XX centuries, Ukrainians from Galicia , which at that time was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , migrated to Posavina (eastern Croatia) and northern Bosnia , and from there to other territories of modern Croatia . Immigration of Ukrainians at that time was caused by the unfavorable economic situation in their homeland, as well as the desire of Austria-Hungary after the annexation of Bosnia to populate this region with a Christian population [2] .
Abundance, Worship, and Relocation
According to the latest census of 2011, the number of Croatian citizens who indicated their belonging to Ukrainian nationality is 1878 people, 1936 people identified themselves as Rusyns, the total number of the Ukrainian diaspora is 3814 people [1] .
The places of compact residence of the Ukrainian minority are mainly northeastern Croatia, the region of eastern Slavonia. The largest centers are the cities of Vukovar , Slavonski Brod , Osijek , Zagreb , villages Lipovlyani, Kanizha, Petrovka, Shumeche, Miklushevtsi. New Ukrainian settlements of the last wave of immigration are concentrated in the west and south of Croatia in the cities of Rijeka and Split [2] .
Religious information of Ukrainians and Ruthenians [1] :
| Number | Catholics | Orthodox | Protestants | Agnostics | Atheists, non-religious | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rusyns | 1 936 | 87.4% | 4.6% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 3.9% |
| Ukrainians | 1 878 | 71.3% | 18.2% | 0.3% | 1,0% | 4.6% |
The vast majority of Ukrainians and Ruthenians belong to the Greek Catholic Church , the share of Orthodox and atheists is also noticeable [1] .
Ukrainian organizations in Croatia
The largest public educational organizations of the diaspora in Croatia [2] :
- Ukrainian Community of the Republic of Croatia (established in 2008, chairman - Mikhail Semenyuk)
- .
Each of the main associations of the diaspora in Croatia includes about 10 cultural and educational societies [2] .
Also in Croatia there are a number of other organizations of the diaspora, such as: Society of Ukrainian Culture, Society "KHORUS - Croatian-Ukrainian Cooperation". The Croatian-Ukrainian friendship society is active.
In the University of Zagreb at the Faculty of Philosophy since 2001 there is a department of the Ukrainian language and literature. Since 1995, in order to meet the needs of the diaspora, the Central Library of Rusyns and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia has been operating in Zagreb [2]
Media
The following publications serve the Diaspora [2] :
- “Herald of the Ukrainian community in Croatia” - a magazine of the Ukrainian community in Croatia,
- Nasha Gazeta - Journal of the Society of Ukrainian Culture
- “New Thought” - Journal of the Union of Ruthenians and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia
- "Wreath" - a magazine for students and youth of the Union of Rusyns and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia
- The almanac “Thoughts from the Danube” is a chronicle of the Union of Rusyns and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia.
Ensuring cultural, linguistic and other rights
The cultural and educational activities of organizations of the Ukrainian-Ruthenian national minority in Croatia are funded by the Croatian state. Ukrainians and Ruthenians are recognized as autochthonous national minorities who have the right to be represented in parliament by a separate deputy who is nominated jointly from a group of various national minorities. Representatives from the Ukrainian-Ruthenian diaspora are also elected to the city, district and regional government bodies of the country [2] .
Important areas of activity of the Ukrainian-Ruthenian community in Croatia are the cultural, educational and humanitarian spheres. Croatian law provides for and implements the right of a minority to learn the Ukrainian language in secondary schools. In Croatia, Ukrainian subjects are studied in four Croatian schools in Lipovlyani , Petrovtsi, Kanizh and Sumece, and more than 50 students attend them. Every year they organize summer schools for children to study Ukrainian and Ruthenian languages, which are held in Ukraine and Croatia. In Ukraine, such schools for Croatian children were organized in the Transcarpathian region (the cities of Khust and Mukachevo ) and the Ternopil region (the city of Buchach ). About 100 children from diaspora families attend summer schools annually [2] .
The activities of minorities in Croatia are covered by the specialized radio and television programs Prism and Mosaic of National Minorities, which are aired twice a week.
With the participation of the diaspora, various cultural, humanitarian and protocol events on Ukrainian subjects are regularly held, including [2] :
- Events to celebrate important dates of Ukrainian history: Independence Day of Ukraine , Memorial Day for the victims of the Famine in Ukraine 1932-1933 , honoring the victims of the Chernobyl tragedy, the Day of Dignity and Freedom, the anniversary of the mutual recognition of Ukraine and Croatia, the anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two states, etc.
- Concert events: annual Central Festival of Cultural Art of Ukrainians of Croatia, annual Festival of Children's Creativity in Slavonsky Brod; The festival of cultural art of Ruthenians and Ukrainians "Petrovsky Zvon", the festival "Lipovlyansk meetings", Shevchenko concerts; concerts of classical and Ukrainian music as part of the days of Ukrainian culture and others.
- Exhibition events: exhibitions of artists Taras Belei (2010), Elena Sokolovskaya-Jerry (2010, 2011, 2016), Jeanne Erdeli (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012), Vladimir Provchi (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 ), Ankitsy Verkhas (2009—2011), Angelika Rudnitskaya (2011), Daria Lysenko (2015-2016), the exhibition "Ukraine". In December 2010 - January 2012, six ceremonial presentations of the exhibition “ Ukrainian Embroidery and Folk Art. Ukraine-Tradition-Transformation. " The project was implemented as part of the budget program "Activities to support relations with Ukrainians living outside Ukraine." All events were held in cooperation with the Ukrainian community, with the participation of community art groups. During the exhibition, its visitors were more than 10,000 Croatian citizens. In 2015-2016, the exhibition of Ukrainian folk art “Petrikov painting” was widely publicized. Events such as “Ukrainian Nights”, “Days of the Ukrainian Street”, presentations of books published by Ukrainians in Croatia and so on regularly take place.Monument to Taras Shevchenko in Zagreb
In March 2011, the honorary audience of Taras Shevchenko was opened at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Zagreb . In May 2015, a monument to Taras Shevchenko was installed in Zagreb [2] . A special pride for the local community is the first monument to Ivan Franko in the town of Lipik, which was opened on March 10, 2011, in the countries of the region of Southeast Europe. The opening ceremony of the monument was carried out by the Chairman of the Croatian Sabor L. Bebich and the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine V. Lytvyn during his official visit to Croatia [2] .
On the part of the Ukrainian state , diaspora representatives were repeatedly awarded with Ukraine awards for their significant contribution to the establishment and development of Ukrainian-Croatian relations. Active Ukrainian studies are carried out by the Department of Ukrainian Language and Literature of the University of Zagreb. On the basis of the department, a series of events are taking place to present Ukrainian culture, literature and science in Croatia, literary evenings, conferences, demonstrations of films on Ukrainian themes and so on are organized [2] .
The Embassy of Ukraine in Croatia on an ongoing basis assists in ensuring the rights of the Ukrainian Diaspora in Croatia, the needs of society for the development of schools in the Ukrainian language, providing art and educational literature, and conducting cultural and educational events in the country [2] .
Famous Persons
Zvonimir Chervenko is a Croatian military figure of Ukrainian descent, chief of the General Staff of the Croatian Army. Member of the War in Croatia , commander of Operation Storm
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Central Bureau of Statistics . www.dzs.hr. Date of treatment March 11, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Ukrainian in Croatia - Migratsiya . www.migraciya.com.ua. Date of treatment March 14, 2017.