Rosario Castellanos Figueroa (Rosario Castellanos Figueroa, Spanish pronunciation : [roˈsaɾjo kasteˈʝanos] ; May 25, 1925 - August 7, 1974) - Mexican poetess and author. Together with other representatives of Generation 1950 (poets who wrote after the end of the Second World War, under the influence of César Vallejo and others), she is one of the most prominent representatives of Mexican literature of the last century. During her lifetime, she vividly revealed the problems of cultural and gender discrimination, her work had an impact on the theory of feminism and cultural studies . Although the poetess died young, she opened the way for women to Mexican literature , and also left a literary legacy, which is still relevant.
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Content
Biography
Born in Mexico City , grew up in Comitan near a parent farm in the southern federal district of Chiapas . She was a secretive girl who attended to the plight of the Maya people, whose representatives worked on her family’s farm. According to her, she began to distance herself from the family after the soothsayer predicted the death of one of two children, and the mother screamed, “If only the boy would die!”
This gave her strength for future success in sports and literature. Rosario, also known as the “frightener” was an avid tennis player, and also occasionally played golf. Many poems of Rosario have references to golf and tennis, which also indicates her passion.
The material condition of the family completely changed after President Lazaro Cárdenas adopted land reform and the policy of liberating the peasants, which deprived the family of most land plots. At the age of 15, Castellanos with his parents moved to Mexico City . During the year her parents die and she has to arrange her own life.
She joined the Mexican and Central American intelligentsia, read a lot, and began to write. She studied philosophy and literature at UNAM ( National Autonomous University of Mexico ), where she later taught, and also joined the National Institute of Indigenous Peoples , where she wrote scripts for puppet shows that were played in poor regions to promote literacy . Interestingly, the institute was founded by President Cárdenas, who deprived her family of the land. She was also the author of a weekly column in the Excélsior newspaper.
In addition to literary work, Castellanos held several government positions. As an award for his contribution to Mexican literature, in 1971, Castellanos was appointed ambassador to Israel .
On August 7, 1974, Castellanos died in the city of Tel Aviv from an accidental electric shock from a faulty table lamp. According to the report, she accidentally touched a desk lamp at home in Herzliya and was shocked by the current. She was immediately taken to Hospital Meyer near Kfar Saba, where she died an hour later. A preliminary investigation revealed that the lamp wires were improperly or insufficiently insulated. There are suggestions that in fact it was suicide. Mexican writer Martha Cerda, for example, wrote to journalist Lucini Katman, "I think she committed suicide because from a certain time she felt like she was dead. [5] However, there are no facts to support this opinion.
Work and Literary Influence
Castellanos was fond of such writers as Gabriela Mistral , Emily Dickinson , Simone de Beauvoir , Virginia Woolf , as well as Simone Weil . [6] Verse Castellana "Valium 10", compiled in the form of confession, and is an outstanding feminist work, which is compared with the "Pope" Sylvia Plath .
A park in the city of Mexico City, located in the (“Delegación”) neighborhood of Quachimalpa de Morelos , was named after her.
Selected bibliography
- Balún-Canán Fondo de Cultura Economica, 1957; 2007, ISBN 9789681683030
- "Poemas (1953-1955)", Colección Metáfora, 1957
- Ciudad Real: Cuentos, 1960; Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, 2007, ISBN 9786071108654
- “ Oficio de tinieblas ” 1962; 2013, Grupo Planeta - México, ISBN 978-607-07-1659-1
- Álbum de familia (1971)
- “ Poesía no eres tú; Obra poética: 1948-1971 "1972; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2004, ISBN 9789681671174
- “ Mujer que sabe latín. . . "1973; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2003, ISBN 9789681671167
- El eterno femenino: Farsa 1973; Fondo de Cultura Economica, 2012, ISBN 9786071610829
- "Bella dama sin piedad y otros poemas", Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1984, ISBN 9789681617332
- Los convidados de agosto . - Ediciones Era, 1964. - ISBN 978-968-411-203-2 .
- “ Declaración de fe ” Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, 2012, ISBN 9786071119339
- "La muerte del tigre" SEP, 198?
- Cartas a Ricardo (1994)
- Rito de iniciación 1996; 2012, Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial México, ISBN 978-607-11-1935-3
- Sobre cultura femenina . - Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2005. - ISBN 978-968-16-7465-6 .
Links
- ↑ 1 2 Rosario Castellanos
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 Internet Speculative Fiction Database - 1995.
- B BNF ID : Open Data Platform - 2011.
- ↑ Cordite Poetry Review Archives Archival copy dated May 4, 2007 on Wayback Machine at www.cordite.org.au
- Ox The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History.
Additional sources
- Ahern, Maureen. Rosario Castellanos. Latin American Writers. 3 vols. Ed. Solé / Abreu. NY: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989, III: 1295-1302.
- ___. Rosario Castellanos. Spanish American Woman Writers: A Bio-Bibliographical Source Book. Ed. Diane E. Marting. Westport / London: Greenwood Press, 1990: 140–155.
- Anderson, Helene M. "Rosario Castellanos and the Structures of Power". Contemporary Women Authors of Latin America. Ed. Doris Meyer & Margarite Fernández Olmos. NY: Brooklyn College Humanities Institute Series, Brooklyn College, 1983: 22-31.
- Bellm, Dan. “A Woman Who Knew Latin.” “The Nation”. (26 June 1989): 891–893.
- Brushwood, John S. "The Spanish American Novel: A Twentieth Century Survey." Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1975., pp. 237–238.
- Castillo, Debra A. "Talking Back: Toward a Latin American Feminist Literary Criticism." Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1992.
- Juárez Torres, Francisco. "La poesia indigenista en cuatro poetas latinoamericanos: Manuel González Prada, Gabriela Mistral, Pablo Neruda y Rosario Castellanos". Ann Arbor: UMI, 1990.
- Kintz, Linda. "Title: The Subject's Tragedy: Political Poetics, Feminist Theory, and Drama." Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1992.
- Laín Corona, Guillermo. “Infancia y opresión en„ Balún Canán “, de Rosario Castellanos. La niña como eje temático y estructural de la novela ". "Bulletin of Hispanic Studies", 88.7 (2011): 777-794.
- Medeiros-Lichem, María Teresa. “Rosario Castellanos: The Inclusion of Languages and Pluralities” Poniatowska and Luisa Valenzuela, Teresa de la Parra to Elena, New York / Bern: Peter Lang, 2002: 84-99.
- Melendez, Priscilla. “Genealogia y escritura en Balún-Canán de Rosario Castellanos” “MLN” 113.2 (March 1998) (Hispanic Issue): 339–363.
- Meyer, Doris. "Reinterpreting the Spanish American Essay: Women Writers of the 19th and 20th Centuries." Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995.
- Schaefer, Claudia. "Textured Lives: Women, Art, and Representation in Modern Mexico". Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992.
- Schwartz, Kessel. "A New History of Spanish American Fiction". Vol. 2. Coralal Gables: University of Florida Press, 1971: 299-301.
- Turner, Harriet S. "Moving Selves: The Alchemy of Esmero (Gabriela Mistral, Gloria Riestra, Rosario Castellanos, and Gloria Fuertes)". "In the Feminine Mode: Essays on Hispanic Women Writers." Eds, Noël Valis and Carol Maier. Lewisburg: Bucknell University press, 1990: 227-245.
- Ward, Thomas. "La resistencia cultural: la nación en el ensayo de las Américas". Lima: Universidad Ricardo Palma, 2004: 269-275.
Links
- Rosario Castellanos reading some of her poetry: Rosario Castellanos at www.palabravirtual.com
- Musical versions of Rosario Castellanos' poetry: [1] (not available link)
- Rosario Castellanos park. [2]
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09L75X77ZTM