Naum Isaakovich Eitingong (Eidington, Ettington; December 6, 1899 , Shklov , Mogilev province - May 3, 1981 , Moscow ) [1] - Soviet intelligence officer, major general of state security. One of the developers of the operation to eliminate Leo Trotsky .
| Naum Isaakovich Eitingon | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Major General N.I. Eitingon | |||||||||
| Date of Birth | |||||||||
| Place of Birth | Shklov , Mogilev province , Russia | ||||||||
| Date of death | |||||||||
| Place of death | |||||||||
| Citizenship |  Russian Empire →  the USSR | ||||||||
| Occupation | |||||||||
| Father | Isaac Fayvelovich Eitingon | ||||||||
| Awards and prizes |
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Biography
Born in the family of a paper factory clerk Isaac Fayvelovich Eitingon and Eugenia Granat. Grandfather Fayvel Izrailevich Eitingon was a sworn attorney of the Shklovsky district and Mogilev district courts [2] . Second cousin of the psychoanalyst M.E. Eitingon [3] .
Even before the revolution, the Eitingon family moved from Shklov to Mogilev [4] . He studied at the Mogilev Commercial School [4] .
He began his career in Mogilev in early 1917, during the German occupation he was a worker in a cement plant, where he was a member of the trade union committee [4] .
After he entered the service in the Mogilev Provincial Food Committee as a clerk of the 2nd category, then he was appointed instructor for trade. From March 20, 1919, it was transferred to the bureau of the provincial workers' cooperatives, where it worked until December (in April 1919, due to the formation of the Gomel province, the administrative center was moved from Mogilev to Gomel). During the partnership in October 1919, Eitingon, being in the course of cooperation, joined the ranks of the RCP (b) . From December 1919 to May 1920 he served in the institutions of the Gomel Provincial Union [4] .
Member of the Left Socialist Revolutionary Party since 1917 . Since 1918 - in the Red Army [5] , from May 10, 1920 an employee of the Gomel Cheka [4] . Member of the RCP (b) since 1920 .
In the report of the representative of the Cheka, Romanovsky, who at the beginning of December 1920, having carried out an audit of the work of the Gomel sponge and ascertaining significant shortcomings, personally highlighted Eitingon as “a bright spot from the commissioners”. On the list of personnel on January 15, 1921, Eitingon was listed as an assistant to the head of the secret operational department (COO) with the simultaneous performance of the duties of the head. In late January - early February 1921, Eitingon was on a business trip in Moscow, and since February 28, he temporarily replaced the chairman of the Gomel sponge Vollenberg. March 20, 1921 the sponge of the RCP (b) approved Eitingon as a member of the collegium of the sponge. In April 1921, speaking at a meeting of the Provincial Committee, Wallenberg noted that "the main department is the secret-operational, which breaks up into the institution of commissioners in various areas, and in it the most productive employee is its head Eitingon" [4] .
In an operation against Savinkov’s gangs , he was seriously wounded in 1921 [6] .
On October 20, 1921, at a meeting of the Gomel Provincial Committee for Party Cleansing, Eitingon was temporarily left outside the ranks of the RCP (b) for the “additional test” with the following motivating formulations: bourgeois origin, excessively fast KGB career, commissarism, lack of modesty, insufficiently imbued with proletarian psychology and discipline [7] . On November 24, the governor’s purge of the party returned to the question of Eitingon and reviewed his case, deciding to “restore the rights of a member of the RCP, taking into account the fact of injury while participating in the fight against banditry, as well as the upcoming departure to Bashkiria” (November 12 in Moscow, the Central Committee Organizing Bureau The RCP (b) decided to appoint the chairman of the Gomel sponge Vollenberg as the chairman of the Bashkir Cheka with the right to take personally selected employees with him) [8] .
Upon completion in 1924 of the eastern branch of the Red Army Military Academy [9] , in the foreign department of the OGPU: at work in China (1925), then in Turkey (1929). In 1927-1929 he was vice-consul of the Consulate General of the USSR in Harbin [10] . In 1930-1932, he was an assistant to Y. I. Serebryansky in the Office of Special Operations, then the head of the illegal operations section of the INO OGPU .
Spanish Civil War
In 1936-1938 - Deputy Resident in Spain A. M. Orlova . Known as "General Leonid Alexandrovich Kotov" (during the Spanish Civil War ), Grozovsky, Leonov, Naumov, comrade Pablo et al.
Sabotage and acts of terror abroad
He was involved in organizing acts of sabotage and acts of terror abroad, in particular, such as the murder of the dictator of Northern China and Manchuria Zhang Zolin , the abduction of prominent members of the white movement, Generals A. P. Kutepov and E. K. Miller, in France. Probably involved in the fate of the "triple agent" N.V. Skoblin in Spain. He organized the export to the USSR of the Spanish state gold reserve . Together with P. A. Sudoplatov, he developed and prepared Operation Duck in Mexico, during which agent Ramon Mercader killed L. D. Trotsky [11] .
World War II
Since July 1941, the deputy chief of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD and the head of the Sudoplatov Special Group under the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Beria.
In 1941-1942 he participated in actions that ensured the neutrality of Turkey in the Second World War [12] .
In 1942 he was appointed deputy chief of the 4th Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR, engaged in reconnaissance, terror and sabotage in the rear of the enemy. In this capacity (deputy P. A. Sudoplatova ) held operational games “Monastery” , “Couriers”, “Berezino” , “ Operation Aryans ”.
In 1944, during Operation Berezino, the NKVD task force, under his direct command, captured and recruited Skorzeny’s saboteurs in the Belarusian forests (V.G. Fischer, who later became known as Rudolf Abel, also worked in the group).
Division C
Since 1945, the deputy head of department “C” of the NKVD (then the NKGB) of the USSR, who was entrusted with the production and synthesis of intelligence on the creation of nuclear weapons.
Post-War Activities
In the postwar years, he led the operations to destroy Nazi gangs conducted by the USSR against the "forest brothers" in Lithuania and Western Belarus .
He was the organizer of political killings of figures of the Ukrainian nationalist movement: former Soviet functionary A. Shumsky and the Greek Catholic bishop T. Romzhi .
Arrests and detention
In October 1951 he was arrested in the "case of the Zionist conspiracy in the MGB." After the death of I.V. Stalin, he was released at the request of P.A. Sudoplatov and assigned to the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs . Since May 1953 - Deputy Head of the 9th Division of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. In August 1953 he was again arrested as a member of the “Beria gang” and sentenced to 12 years in prison.
Editor
In 1964 he was released and worked as a senior editor at the International Book Publishing House .
Death
Death occurred as a result of natural causes.
He was buried in Moscow, at the New Donskoy cemetery .
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitated posthumously in 1992 . Some researchers disputed the legality of his rehabilitation [13] .
Family
He was married to Anna Shulman, Olga Zarubina (Naumova). Since 1941, married to Muse Grigorievna Malinovskaya (Vikhreva).
Children:
- son - Vladimir Naumovich Eitingon [14] ( 1924 - 2014 )
- daughter - Svetlana Naumovna Urutskoeva ( 1927 - 2003 )
- son - Leonid Naumovich Eitingon (born 1943)
- daughter - Muza Naumovna Malinovskaya (born 1947), author of the book “At the Ultimate Height” about the life of N. I. Eitingon and M. G. Malinovskaya.
- adopted daughter - Zoya Zarubina , scout, translator [15] .
Grandchildren - Elena Vladimirovna Eitingon, Leonid Irbekovich Urutskoev , Elena Irbekovna Urutskoeva, Galina Leonidovna Eitingon, Anastasia Leonidovna Eitingon, Alexander Gennadevich Efremov, Igor Gennadevich Efremov.
Grandson - Alexey Alexandrovich Kozlov , entrepreneur, author of Butyrka Blog [16]
Notes
- ↑ Biography on the website of the Foreign Intelligence Service
- ↑ YOUTH OF TERMINATOR ← Express NEWS (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 21, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
- ↑ Mary-Kay Wilmers "The Eitingons: A Twentieth Century Story"
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 YOUTH OF THE TERMINATOR ← Express NEWS (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 21, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
- ↑ The Gomel historian Anatoly Karasev, with whom we worked on this essay, literally tracked Eitingon’s official movements in 1918-1922 and never found anywhere in the documents that he served in the Red Army, as stated in Sudoplatov’s book “Lubyanka and The Kremlin ” [1] .
- ↑ The true story of his injury is described in [2] .
- ↑ YOUTH OF TERMINATOR (Continued) ← Express NEWS (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 21, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
- ↑ YOUTH OF TERMINATOR (Continued) ← Express NEWS (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment March 21, 2013. Archived April 21, 2013.
- ↑ Gusterin P.V. Soviet intelligence in the Near and Middle East in the 1920s and 30s. - Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing, 2014 .-- S. 23. - ISBN 978-3-659-51691-7 .
- ↑ History of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898-1991
- ↑ Eitingon Naum Isaakovich
- ↑ Attempt on Franz von Papen
- ↑ Naum Isaakovich Eitingon, Major General of the NKVD
- ↑ Eitingon Vladimir Naumovich
- ↑ Intelligence in translation Russian newspaper, 01/29/2009
- ↑ Iskozh Factory and Kozlov Case: Forbes Investigation | Forbes.ru
Literature
- Sharapov E.P. Naum Eitingon - the punishing sword of Stalin . - SPb. : “Neva”, 2003. - (Special Purpose People). - ISBN 5-7654-3121-6
- Sudoplatov P.A. Special operations. Lubyanka and the Kremlin 1930-1950. - M .: OLMA-PRESS, 1997. - ISBN 5-87322-726-8
- Antonov V.S., Karpov V.N. Shot intelligence . - M .: International Relations , 2008. - 304 p. - (Secret missions). - 2000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-7133-1328-9 .
- Stepankov, V.N. Stalin's Chekists . OLMA Media Group, 2006.
- Mlechin, Leonid . The history of foreign intelligence. Careers and fates . Litres, 2017.
Links
- Naum Isaakovich Eitingon, Major General of the NKVD 09/06/2009
- Chapter 9. Raul Wallenberg, Laboratory-X and Other Secrets of Kremlin Policy
- N. Eitingon - head of Soviet illegal intelligence
- A Handbook on the History of the Communist Party and the Soviet Union 1898-1991
- Eitingon: his loyal hero
- V. Antonov. General Eitingon - the liquidator of the "forest brothers" // APN North-West
- Gusterin P. Soviet intelligence officer Naum Eitingon: clarifications to the biography // CenterAsia