Siblag , Siberian ITL or Sibulon - a forced labor camp or the management of special purpose camps in the West Siberian region with the center alternately in the cities of Mariinsk or Novosibirsk .
Content
History
Siberian camp, Siblag (address “pb box AG-247” or “pb box 247”), a forced labor camp in the West Siberian region was organized in the autumn of 1929 in pursuance of a government decision on the use of prison labor during the colonization of remote areas of the USSR and the exploitation of their natural wealth (the decision is formalized by the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of July 11, 1929 ). The creation order was not found; the first mention found was the appointment of the camp commander from September 1, 1929. At least until the early 1960s, he still acted. The beginning of a special act of red terror (the policy of Bolshevism ), which began (initially against the revolutionary Siberian peasantry) personally I.V. Stalin during his secret visit to the Siberian Territory at the beginning of 1928 and which will later take on the character of a full-scale campaign in the USSR, today called the mass Stalinist repression .
From the moment of formation Sibulon was subordinated to the OGPU , namely from April 25, 1930 to the Administration of the camps (ULAG) - GULAG of the OGPU and the Plenipotentiary Representative Office (PP) of the OGPU in the West Siberian Territory. From May 8, 1935 entered the subordination of the Department of camps, labor settlements and places of detention (OLTPiMZ) Office of the NKVD in the West Siberian Territory. From October 21, 1937 under the direct control of the Gulag (Gulag of the NKVD from 10/21/1937; Gulag of the Ministry of Justice from 04/02/1953, etc.) except for a few years (from July 29, 1939 to April 7, 1942), when he was in charge Office of labor camps and colonies (UITLK) UNVD in the Novosibirsk region. On April 9, 1956, with the abolition of the GULAG, he passed to the UITLC of the RSFSR Ministry of the Interior.
The dislocation of the managing center was constantly changing: from the moment of its organization to December 15, 1933 in Novosibirsk , then from December 15, 1933 to (not later than) August 7, 1935 in Mariinsk ; again in Novosibirsk from August 7, 1935 - not earlier than 02/28/1937, again in Mariinsk, not earlier than 02/28/1937 - as of 07/29/1939; once again in Novosibirsk from July 29, 1939 to September 4, 1943, and finally, as far as is known, finally in Mariinsk, starting from September 4, 1943.
Since 1933, the prisoners of Siblag were engaged in the construction of the Gorno-Shorsky railway from the station. Kulep of the Tomsk railway in the direction of the Tashtagol station (95 km) for transportation of ore from the Tashtagol deposits to the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine . On April 25, 1938, for this purpose, the Gorshor labor camp was established on the basis of the 9th Akhpunsky camp of Siblag [1] .
Structure
By 1936, the structure of the SibLAG contained 2 camps (Osinovsky, Akhpunsky), 15 separate camp points (Mariinsky, Yaysky, Arlyuksky, Novo-Ivanovsky, Antibesky, Tomsky, Berilyussky, Chistyunsky, Orlovsky-Rozovsky, Suslovsky, Yurginsky, Kemchugsky, Kamyshensky, Taiginsky , Chui), 3 factory colonies (Iskitim, Novosibirsk, Prokopevskaya) and 10 prisons [2] .
In February-March 1943, the Yaya Department No. 5, the separate camp item No. 2, the Akhpunsky Branch No. 6, the Kemerovo OLP No. 6, the Novokuznetsk OLP No. 7, the Guryevsk OLP No. 8 , Kemerovo OLP number 10, as well as six receivers-distributors and 11 inspections of corrective labor [3] .
The Yaya camp department served a garment factory and had a camp for 200 prisoners 40 km from the Yaya station in subsidiary agriculture on the lands of the Georgi Dimitrov collective farm in Izhmorsky District [3] .
- Lagotdeleniya
- 1st branch in Mariinsk [4] .
- 2nd branch at the station. Suslovo of the Tomsk Railway ), June 1935 [4] , later Suslovsky OLP in 1937 [5] .
- 7th campus ( Ininskoe ), construction of the Ininsky bridge , December 1934 - May 1, 1936.
- The 9th Akhpunskoye camp department existed until April 25, 1938 [1] .
- The Arlyuk branch existed on May 12, 1936.
- Iskitim lagoon from 1930s to 1953.
- Narym branch
- Novoivanovsk department existed in 1937 [6] .
- Tomsk Branch in the framework of Siblag 01/29/1936 [7] .
- Tomasinlag - camp on the construction of railway. messages "Tomsk - Asino - Bely Yar - Lesosibirsk".
- PromITK number 1 Siblag (Art. Yaya, a garment factory) [8]
- Separate camp sites
- Alzamaisky camp Siblag ( station Reeds Tomsk railway ) [4]
- Antibessky camp item, in the vicinity of Mariinsk [9] .
- "Mariinsky distributor" camp Siblag [8] .
- Orlov-Rozovsky separate camp item [10] .
- Camp logging sites of the Tomsk-Timiryazevskiy special forestry.
- Letyazhsky OLP
- Yurginsky OLP (a separate camp item) existed in 1937.
- Specials
The special conscripts had special settlements (for the exiles and the exiled, others repressed for settlement in Siberia), camp sites (lumbering, timber floating, etc.) and special collective farms.
- Shegarskaya Special Commissariat (on the territory of the Ob region of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk regional districts);
- Narym special commandant's office (in the territory of the former Narym region);
- Parbigskaya special shop
... others
Strength
| date | number | date | number | date | number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 1, 1930 | 4,592 | January 1, 1940 | 40,275 | January 1, 1951 | 36 565 |
| June 1, 1930 | 24,284 | January 1, 1941 | 43 857 | March 1, 1951 | 33,225 |
| 1931 average | 30 100 | January 1, 1942 | 77 919 | January 1, 1952 | no data |
| 1932 average | 28,073 | January 1, 1943 | 30,463 | January 1, 1953 | 30 114 |
| 1933 average | 48 136 | January 1, 1944 | 29,627 | January 1, 1954 | 17,410 |
| 1934 average | 45 752 | January 1945 | 39 455 | January 1, 1955 | 12,503 |
| January 1, 1935 | 58 609 | January 1, 1946 | no data | January 1, 1956 | 9,268 |
| January 1, 1936 | 65,447 | January 1, 1947 | 41 075 | May 20, 1956 | 10,069 |
| January 1, 1937 | 51 473 | January 1, 1948 | 37,554 | January 1, 1957 | 10,908 |
| January 1, 1938 | 78 838 | January 31, 1949 | 39,437 | January 1, 1958 | 10 150 |
| January 1, 1939 | 46,382 | January 1, 1950 | no data | January 1, 1960 | 6,929 |
In 1938 for 9 months, that is, by October 1, the number of prisoners of Siblag decreased by 42.5% (from 78,838 to 45,295), out of the remaining 31.3% (14,171) were convicted under Article 58 of the so-called counter-revolutionary crimes, and 24.9% (11 261) - “socially dangerous” and “socially harmful elements”. In 1941, in the first six months (by July 1), the number of prisoners increased by 18.2% (from 43,857 to 51,828 prisoners).
The share of political prisoners in Siblag changed in the late 30s - early 40s: not significant: from 31.3% in 1938 (data as of October 1) to 34.7% in 1942 (data as of April 1). And this is despite the fact that on May 21, 1939, branches with a special regime were liquidated in Siblag, and the most "socially dangerous health issues" to which the convicted article 58 belonged were transferred to remote camps: Sevvostlag , Norillag , Vorkutlag and Ukhtpechlag . In 1943, hard labor was established in the USSR. In October 1947, 4,657 convicts (of whom 765 were women) were held in Siblag; in March 1951, 3,699 (of which 884 women were convicts).
In Siblag there were also women's camps. The proportion of women among prisoners was relatively stable in the 1940s (1.04.1942 - 23.6% (16,610 people); October 1, 1947 - 20.9% (7,848)) and started to increase sharply in the 50s ( 1.03.1951 - 41.7% (13,845); 20.05.1956 - 75.2% (10,150)).
Work done
- field husbandry and cattle breeding (in 1951, the farm Siblag - 8400 head of cattle, 29 406 pigs, 5504 horses).
- logging,
- coal mining,
- contractual work with Soyuzzolot ,
- road construction:
- forest branch railway Itatka - Ksenyevka - p. Chulym (42.5 km),
- Nifantyevskoe Highway (174 km in Turukhansk Territory),
- Gorno-Shor railway
- Chui tract ,
- construction of the Chemal hydroelectric station in 1935
- building No. 392 in the city of Kemerovo by labor of prisoners,
- construction of a brick factory in Mariinsk,
- maintenance of brick factories
- maintenance of the Yaya sewing f-ki, according to information for 1940, it was the largest garment factory for the prisoners of the Gulag.
- fishing,
- sewing production,
- knitwear production,
- production of felted products
- release of sheepskin products,
- release of leather and shoe products,
- metalworking.
As of 1932, logging employed 6,000 prisoners, coal mining — 6,800 zek, agriculture — 6,000, and the production of consumer goods — 3,600 zek.
Chiefs
- Chuntonov M.M. , from 09/01/1929 to 10/28/1931;
- Bixon, I. M. , from 10.28.1931 to 08.23.1932 ;
- A. A. Gorshkov , from 08/23/1932 to 11/22/1933;
- Sokolov P.P. (vrid), from 11/22/1933 -?
- Chuntonov M.M. , from 02/19/1934 to 04/22/1936;
- A. Shishmarev , Senior Lieutenant, arrested from 03/10/1936 to 09/14/1938;
- Sviridov A.S. , Senior Lieutenant of the State Security Bureau, from 09/14/1938 to 04/1940;
- P. P. Filimonov , lieutenant colonel of the State Security Bureau, from 07/04/1942 to 07/07/1945;
- G. Prokopiev, Major, from 02/27/1946 to 09/17/1947, was mentioned on 10/10/1945,;
- Cherkashin? ?., and about. the head - from 09/17/1947 -?
- Prokopiev G. M., Lieutenant Colonel,? - 02/20/1951;
- Velikanov I. M., Major - Lieutenant Colonel, from 02.20.1951 - not earlier than 03.1958;
- Zuev? ?., major, and. about. the boss mentioned on 05/29/1956;
Deputy Chiefs
- Chernotalov F. Ya., From 04/07/1942 -?;
- PM Ludchenkov, lieutenant colonel of the internal service, from 06.06.1953 -?
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 “System of corrective labor camps in the USSR”. Compiled by M. B. Smirnov M .: Zvenya , 1998.
- ↑ Siblag // “Historical Encyclopedia of Siberia” (2009)
- ↑ 1 2 History of the MIS area. GUFSIN of Russia in the Kemerovo region
- ↑ 1 2 3 Bering (von Bering) Vladimir Mikhailovich. Talented artillery weapons design engineer (December 24, 1897 - October 8, 1937)
- ↑ Pravda V.L. The case of the Archbishop Samoilovich in Suslovsky OLP Siblag. // Bulletin of the Kuzbass State Technical University. Issue number 5 (99) / 2013, pp. 160-164
- ↑ Gleb (Pokrovsky Vitaly Nikitich) // Orthodox Encyclopedia. T. XI. M., 2006. p. 560-561.
- ↑ Zverev, Maxim Dmitrievich // (about him) on Ecoethics portal
- ↑ 1 2 Noskovich N. A. (Lekarenko). Memories of the "idiot" // Neva. - 2001. - № 4. - p. 165-183
- ↑ Neofit (Nikolay Alexandrovich Osipov)
- ↑ Vassian // Orthodox Encyclopedia
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Links
- «Система исправительно-трудовых лагерей в СССР». Составитель М. Б. Смирнов М.: Звенья , 1998.
- История УИС области. ГУФСИН России по Кемеровской области
- Карагодин Степан Иванович, История крестьянина в Русской Википедии . См.также : Расследование в отношении судьбы КАРАГОДИНА Степана Ивановича, который родился в 1881 году, убит сотрудниками НКВД СССР 21 января 1938 года.
- Некоторые из материалов по томскому НКВД, 1936—1937 гг.
- Операции НКВД: Из хроники большого террора на томской земле 1937—1938 гг.
- Репрессированные священники России . (2015)
- Сообщение Б. Н. Евстратова о репрессированном Н. И. Елистратове
- Сравнение характеристик смертности в концентрационных лагерях (1930-е — 1940-е)
- Фотографии из спецкомендатур Нарымского края, 1930-е .