Mary Ritter Beard ( English Mary Ritter Beard ; 1876 - 1958 ) - an American historian and archivist, played an important role in the suffrage movement.
| Bird Mary Ritter | |
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 Photograph of 1914-1915 | |
| Birth name | |
| Date of Birth | August 5, 1876 |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | August 14, 1958 (82 years old) |
| Place of death | Phoenix , Arizona , USA |
| Citizenship |  USA |
| Occupation | , , , |
| Spouse | Charles Beard |
Author of several books on the role of women in history, including On Understanding Women (1931), America Through Women's Eyes (1933) and Woman As Force In History: A Study in Traditions and Realities (1946).
Biography
Born August 5, 1876 in Indianapolis, Indiana; was the fourth child in a family of seven children and the first daughter of Eli Foster Ritter and his wife Narcissa Lockwood . [2] My father was from a Quaker family, grew up on a farm near Indianapolis, and took part in the US Civil War on the side of the Union Army ; then settled in Greencastle, Indiana, where in 1863 he married Narcissa Lockwood . She was born in Kentucky, graduated from the Brookville Academy in Thornton in the same state, and then in 1861 she moved with her family to Greencastle.
Mary attended a public school in Indianapolis, then graduated from Indianapolis High School and entered in 1893, where she was a member of the . At this university, she met Charles Austin Bird , who later became her husband. After graduating from Depot University in 1897, Mary worked in Greencastle as a German teacher, and Charles went to England in 1898 to study for graduate school at Oxford University . Returning from England at the end of 1899, he married Mary in March 1900, after which they left for England together, where Charles continued his research. First they settled in Oxford , later in Manchester , where their first child, Miriam, was born in 1901. Having decided to raise their daughter in the United States, the couple moved to New York in 1902 and began working at Columbia University . Mary took up research in sociology; Charles defended his doctoral dissertation, becoming an assistant professor and then professor at Columbia University. In 1907, a son, William, was born into the family.
While in England, Mary Bird studied British industrial society, established friendly relations with a number of progressive politicians, among whom were suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst with her daughter, and Russian anarchist Peter Kropotkin , as well as other influential intellectuals. It was here that Mary began to read and write about the struggle of the working class , suffrage , the women's movement and opportunities for social reform. She became involved in the suffragist movement, becoming an activist in the , through which she hoped to improve the working conditions of women. She also worked in the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women , hereinafter referred to as the Women's Political Union , became the leader of the New York City Suffrage Party , published in The Woman Voter . Leaving this party in 1913, Mary joined the organization of the later (later became the ). At the request of feminists Alice Paul and she became a member of the party’s executive council and editor-in-chief of The Suffragist weekly magazine. Mary Bird organized and participated in demonstrations, gave lectures, and wrote articles on women's equal rights.
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| Graves of Mary and Charles | |
She died on August 14, 1958 in the city of Phoenix, Arizona. She was buried in the Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum cemetery in in Westchester County , New York, next to her husband. [3]
Notes
- ↑ Blain V. , Grundy I. , Clements P. The Feminist Companion to Literature in English : Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present - 1990. - P. 72.
- ↑ Barbara Turoff; Mary Ritter Beard as Force in History , p. 7; Ann Lane, in Mary Ritter Beard: A Sourcebook , writes of two older brothers, Halstead and Roscoe and of Ruth, the youngest of the Ritter's and mentions two other brothers, no order of birth given, Dwight and Herman, who died while a senior at DePauw University, with no mention of a fifth brother; p. 14. The Biographical Note from the Mary Ritter Beard Papers in the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College states that Mary was the third of six children.
- ↑ Mary Ritter Beard