Zwangendaba

Zvangendaba was the son of Chief Hlachwayo and the younger brother of Somkhang Qaziguda Jele, who stayed with the Gumbi clan in KwaZulu-Natal (Pongola river region). During the reign of the Inkosi Ndvandwe Zvide kalang Zvangendaba was one of his military leaders .

In the 1820s, during the period of " Mfekane " and the expansion of the Zulu kingdom, the tribal leader Zvangundaba with his clan from a broken tribal confederation of ndwandwe was forced to flee from South Africa to the north. For twenty years, Zvangendaba has traveled more than 2,000 miles, passing the territories of modern Mozambique , Zimbabwe and Malawi and staying in Eastern Tanzania, where he founded his residence in Mapupo . In 1840, Zvangendab reached Lake Tanganyika . Zwangendaba destroyed the Roswy Empire in Zimbabwe and founded the Ngoni states in modern Malawi . Initially, under the leadership of Zvangundaba, there were several hundred people, and by the end of his rule many thousands of people were subordinate to him. Of these, only 10% were Nguni , and the remaining 90% were subordinate tribes and groups through whose territory Zvangandaba passed. This new community received the name - angoni . In 1848, after the death of Zvangundaba, the Ngoni were divided into five separate groups living in Tanzania , Malawi and Zambia .

• Cobbing J. The Mfecane as Alibi: Thoughts on Dithakong and Mbolompo // Journal of African History. 1988. Vol. 29. No. 4.
• The Mfecane Aftermath: Reconstructive Debates on South African History. Johannesburg, 1995.