P-1 “Khrabri” ( Serbohorv. P-1 Khrabri / P-1 Hrabri ) - the first Yugoslav diesel-electric submarine of the “Khrabri” type , the lead ship of the project. It was built by the British company Vickers-Armstrong Naval Yard at a plant in Newcastle upon Tyne ( UK ) and launched in 1927. The design of the submarine was based on British L-type submarines , two of which were used to build two Khrabri submarines. The submarine was equipped with six bow 533-mm torpedo tubes, two 102-mm ship guns and a machine gun, the depth of immersion reached 60 m.
| Brave | |
|---|---|
| P-1 Hrabri | |
| Service | |
 Yugoslavia | |
| Class and type of vessel | diesel-electric, type "Brave" |
| Organization | Royal Naval Forces of Yugoslavia |
| Manufacturer | |
| Project developer | Vickers-Armstrong Naval Yard , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK |
| Launched | 1927 |
| Commissioned | 1927 |
| Withdrawn from the fleet | 1941 |
| Status | captured by Italy and cut into metal |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 991 t |
| Full displacement | 1183 t (when immersed) |
| Length | 72.05 m |
| Width | 7.32 m |
| Draft | 3.96 m |
| Power point | 2 diesel engines (1800 kW), 2 electric motors (1200 kW) |
| Surface speed | 15.7 knots |
| Underwater speed | 10 knots |
| Working depth | 60 m |
| Underwater swimming range | 3800 nautical miles (7000 km) at 10 knots |
| Crew | 45 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 2 x 102 mm guns |
| Flak | machine gun |
| Mine torpedo armament | 6 torpedo tubes with a caliber of 533 mm (bow), 12 torpedoes |
In the pre-war years, Khrabri made several visits to the ports of the Mediterranean. During the April war of 1941, it was captured by Italian troops and renamed N 3 , but due to its unsatisfactory condition it was not accepted into the Italian Navy, and in the same year it was cut into metal.
Content
Design
Until the mid-1920s, there was no policy in the development of the Royal Navy of Yugoslavia [1] , although it was believed that control over the Adriatic coast with limited resources became a paramount task. In 1926, a small 10-year construction program for submarines, destroyers, naval bombers and torpedo bombers was adopted to ensure the security of the Yugoslav coast. Submarines of the Khrabri type became one of the newest acquisitions for Yugoslavia, which could take on this new challenge [2] .
The submarine "Brave" ( Serbohor. Hrabri , literally. "Brave") was built in 1927 by order of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the British company Vickers-Armstrong Naval Yard in Newcastle upon Tyne ( UK ) [3] . The design of this submarine was based on the design of British submarines of type L , and for the construction the backlog of the submarine HMS L-67 was used , the order for the construction of which was canceled by the British [4] . Like the submarine Neboisha (sister ship), the Khrabri submarine had the following main dimensions: length - 72.05 m, width - 7.32 m, draft in the surface position - 3.96 m. Displacement was 991 t above water and 1183 tons when immersed. The crew consisted of 45 people [3] . The immersion depth was 60 m [5] .
The main power plant of the Khrabri-class submarines was two diesel engines (in the surface position) and two electric motors (in the underwater position). The power of diesel engines was 1800 kW, the power of electric motors was 1200 kW. They allowed the boat to develop a speed of 15.7 knots in the surface position and 10 knots in the underwater position. The armament was six bow torpedo tubes with a caliber of 533 mm (each submarine could carry up to 12 torpedoes on board), two 102-mm deck guns (one on the bow and the other on the stern) and one machine gun [3] . Cruising range reached 3800 nautical miles at a speed of 10 knots [6] .
Service
The descent of the Khrabri submarine took place in 1927, and it became the first submarine of the Navy of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes ( Royal Naval Forces of Yugoslavia ) [3] . At the end of January 1928, the Khrabri and Neboisha sailed from Newcastle [7] together with the Hvar submarine base. They arrived in the Bay of Kotor on April 8, 1928 [8] . In May – June 1929, the Khrabri, Neboisha, and Hvar, along with six destroyers, accompanied the cruiser Dalmatia during his trip to the islands of Malta , Corfu (the Ionian Sea ) and his visit to the city of Bizerte ( French protectorate of Tunisia ). The British naval attache noted that the ships and their crews during his stay off the coast of Malta made a very good impression on him [9] . On May 16, 1930, the Neboisha participated in exercises in the Bay of Kotor at periscope depth when it collided with a ship. No one was hurt, but the boat lost its 102-mm bow gun, which was literally demolished. Restoration work was carried out at the docks of the Bay of Kotor [10] .
In June – July 1930, “Khrabri”, “Nebojsa” and the support vessel “Sitnitsa” again cruised the Mediterranean Sea, visiting Alexandria and Beirut [11] . In 1932, the British naval attache reported that due to budget cuts, the Yugoslav ships conducted only a small number of exercises, maneuvers, or training firing [12] . In 1934, “Khrabri” paid a visit to Valletta and Kelibia on the coast of Tunisia [13] , and in August 1935 she again visited Malta , accompanied by the submarine “ Illuminator ” [14] . In August-September 1937, the “Brave”, accompanied by another submarine “ Dare ”, also made in France, and the mine layer “Serpent” visited the Greek city of Piraeus , the islands of Crete and Corfu [15] .
In April 1941, axis block countries invaded Yugoslavia. At that time, the Khrabri submarine was in the Bay of Kotor with three more submarines of its flotilla [16] . On April 10, the Khrabri and Osvetnik crews received orders to begin operations in the Italian enclave in the Zara province on the Dalmatian coast, but they did not begin the mission [17] . Later, “Khrabri” was captured by Italian troops by the forces of the 17th Army Corps in the Bay of Kotor [18] [19] . The Royal Navy of Italy assigned the submarine number 3 , but did not accept the Navy due to its unsatisfactory condition and cut it into metal the same year [20] .
See also
- List of ships of the Royal Navy of Yugoslavia
Notes
- ↑ Jarman, 1997a , p. 732.
- ↑ Jarman, 1997a , p. 779.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chesneau, 1980 , p. 358.
- ↑ Akermann, 2002 , p. 168.
- ↑ Bagnasco, 1977 , p. 171.
- ↑ Akermann, 2002 , p. 166.
- ↑ Hood, 1928 , p. 154.
- ↑ Luković, April 6, 2013 .
- ↑ Jarman, 1997b , p. 183.
- ↑ Jarman, 1997b , p. 247.
- ↑ Radio Tivat, July 9, 2014 .
- ↑ Jarman, 1997b , p. 451.
- ↑ Jarman, 1997b , p. 544.
- ↑ Jarman, 1997b , p. 641
- ↑ Jarman, 1997b , p. 838.
- ↑ Terzić, 1982 , p. 267.
- ↑ Terzić, 1982 , p. 374.
- ↑ Bagnasco, 1977 , p. 251.
- ↑ Terzić, 1982 , p. 457.
- ↑ Fontenoy, 2007 , p. 148.
Literature
Books
- Paul Akermann. Encyclopedia of British Submarines 1901–1955 . - Penzance, Cornwall: Periscope Publishing, 2002 .-- ISBN 978-0-907771-42-5 .
- Erminio Bagnasco. Submarines of World War Two. - Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1977 .-- ISBN 978-0-87021-962-7 .
- Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922–1946 / ed. Roger Chesneau. - London, England: Conway Maritime Press, 1980 .-- ISBN 978-0-85177-146-5 .
- Paul E. Fontenoy. Submarines: An Illustrated History of Their Impact . - Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2007 .-- ISBN 978-1-85109-563-6 .
- Yugoslavia Political Diaries 1918–1965 / ed. Robert L. Jarman. - Slough, Berkshire: Archives Edition, 1997a. - T. 1. - ISBN 978-1-85207-950-5 .
- Yugoslavia Political Diaries 1918–1965 / ed. Robert L. Jarman. - Slough, Berkshire: Archives Edition, 1997b. - T. 2. - ISBN 978-1-85207-950-5 .
- Velimir Terzić. Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941: Uzroci i posledice poraza . - Beograd: Narodna knjiga, 1982. - Vol. 2.
Periodicals
- AG Hood. The Jugo-Slavian Submarines Hrabri and Nebojsa // The Shipbuilder and Marine Engine-builder. - London, England: Shipbuilder Press, 1928. - Vol. 35.
Links
- Siniša Luković . 85 godina od dolaska prvih jugoslovenskih podmornica (serbochor.) , Vijesti online (April 6, 2013). Archived on October 8, 2015. Date of treatment October 8, 2015.
- Tivat kroz novinsku građu - 9.jul (Serbohorv.) , Radio Tivat (July 9, 2014). Archived on October 8, 2015. Date of treatment October 3, 2015.