Leonidov, Lev Yakovlevich

Lev Leonidov lived and worked in Moscow. Before the revolution, the main topics of his work were theatrical life and people of art ^{[3] [4]} . In the 1900-1910s, he made group photographs of the Maly Theater troupe, photo portraits of actors, scenes from the performances were captured. The shooting was carried out by Leonidov in a photo studio, in buildings where visiting tours were held ^[5] .

After the publication of a series of photographs “F. I. Chaliapin in the family circle ”in the magazine“ Dawn ”in 1916 Leonidov was invited to the magazine“ Spark ” ^{[3] [4]} . His last apolitical photo story was the fire of the Nezlobin Theater on January 14, 1917. One of the first Leonidov photographs of the post-revolutionary days is the cell of the Taganskaya prison , where in 1906 there was the chairman of the State Duma S. A. Muromtsev ^{[4] [3]} .

In 1917, Leonidov’s photographs were published in magazines that captured a mass strike in Moscow on August 12 in response to a state meeting convened by the Provisional Government . He was captured by P. A. Kropotkin , P. N. Milyukov , General M. V. Alekseev , E. K. Breshko-Breshkovskaya , N. V. Tchaikovsky . In the same year, the photographer went to work at the newly-created agency Centripchat , located on Tverskaya Street , 38. He organized a photo department at the agency, set up campaign posters and postcards ^{[4] [6]} .

Leonidov is filming party conferences, congresses , holiday demonstrations. In 1918 he became a correspondent for the Petrograd illustrated magazine Flame, captures all the new monuments appearing on the streets of Moscow, the opening of memorial plaques. Many of the objects were subsequently lost and known only from his photographs (a monument to Robespierre in the Alexander Garden ^[8] , poets A. Koltsov and I. Nikitin , artist O. Kiprensky , etc.) ^{[9] [10]} .

Leonidov repeatedly captured the image of V. I. Lenin , his memories of how these shootings were made, were published in the magazine " Soviet Photo " in 1926 ^{[11] [12]} . The first photograph of Lenin was taken by Leonidov on November 7, 1918, near the wall of the Senate Tower of the Kremlin, at the opening of a memorial plaque in honor of the dead fighters of the revolution. Among the objects of the "clear-cut drawing and compositionally embracing wide panorama" image were also Ya. M. Sverdlov , V. A. Avanesov , N. I. Podvoisky , G. I. Okulova , M. F. Vladimirsky and other representatives of the party leadership ^[13] .

The leader was photographed both indoors and in the open air ; individual and group portraits performed by him were preserved. Among the known historical photographs left by him are photographs of the Presidium of the VIII Congress of the RCP (B.) , A group photo portrait of V. I. Lenin, Demyan Poor and delegate of the VIII Congress of the RCP (B.) From Ukraine F. Panfilov "," V. I. Lenin in the group of delegates of the X Congress of the RCP (B.) . ” The photographer also captured Lenin with N.K. Krupskaya on Red Square for the celebration of May 1, 1919, Lenin's arrival at Centripchat to record speeches on phonograph records , Lenin surrounded by people on the steps of the rostrum on the day of the celebration of the 2nd anniversary of the revolution, “Speech V. I. Lenin on Sverdlovsk Square on the day of sending troops to the Polish front ” ^{[K 1]} and other stories ^{[11] [14] [15]} .

Since the mid-1920s, Leonidov became a permanent photojournalist for the Projector magazine, and since 1926 he has been collaborating with the Soviet Photo magazine, including acting as an author sharing professional experience. In the late 1920s creates a gallery of portraits of writers - A. Serafimovich , F. Gladkov , S. Podyachev , I. Kasatkin , A. Chapygin , P. Nizovoy , A. Voronsky , A. Bezymensky , I. Ilf , I. Utkin and other ^{[16] [17]}

In 1928, Leonidov participated in the exhibition “Soviet Photography for 10 Years”, which was held in the premises of the former Museum of the Red Army on Vozdvizhenka, and is a member of its committee ^{[16] [18] [19]} .

The Lev Leonidov photo library was used for historical information - director Boris Barnet and artist Alexander Rodchenko turned to his photo documents when preparing the film “ Moscow in October ” (1927). Thanks to the shots captured by the photographer, the creators of the picture were able to recreate the historical appearance of a number of characters, as well as to find participants in the Moscow uprising for consultations ^[16] . The artist’s memories and photographs are used by historians to clarify the dating of historical events ^{[14] [20]} .

The originals of historical photo documents made by Lev Leonidov were not preserved. The photographs of his work printed from glass plates are in the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art , the Russian State Archive of Film and Photo Documents , Museum Funds of the Maly Theater , RIA Novosti ^{[16] [21] [22] [5] [23] [24]} . Some negatives are stored in the museum-reserve " Battle of Stalingrad " ^[25] .

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  ^{Igor Severyanin , late 1900s - early 1910s}

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  ^{F.I. Chaliapin , 1916}

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  ^{Actors of the Maly Theater M. N. Ermolov and A. A. Ostuzhev in the play “ Guilty Without Guilt ”, 1913}

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  ^{F. I. Chaliapin, A. M. Labinsky , V. A. Lossky , M. N. Karakash , A. V. Nezhdanova - participants in the performance of the Bolshoi Theater “The Barber of Seville ”, 1913}

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  ^{A. A. Ostuzhev as Neznamov, “ Guilty Without Guilt ”, 1908}

• Leonidov L. How we shot Lenin // Soviet photo : Zh. - M. , 1926. - No. 1 . - S. 9-11 . ; S. 10-11 .
• Leonidov L. A letter to a professional photographer // Soviet Photo. - M. , 1926. - No. 9 . - S. 262-263 .
• Leonidov L. Pages of the past // Soviet photo. - M. , 1937. - No. 11 .
• Meetings with Lenin: The authors of the pictures say // Soviet photo. - M. , 1981. - No. 4 . - S. 4-7 .

• Volkov-Lannit L.F. History is written by the lens: photobook / L.F. Volkov-Lannit; [artist G. Dmitriev]. - 2nd ed. - M .: Planet, 1980 .-- S. 170—179. - 256 s. - 15,000 copies. ( 1st ed. - M .: Planet, 1971. - Circulation 13,000 copies.)
• Volkov-Lannit L. Moscow, Tverskaya, 38 // Science and Life : Journal. - M. , 1971. - No. 11 . - S. 3-8 .
• Telegin N. Mysteries of theatrical photography // Maly Theater: Gas. - M. , 2016 .-- No. 1 (43) .
• Zhelezny A.I.Our friend is a record: Notes by a collector / A.I. Zhelezny. - K .: Muzichna Ukraine, 1989. - ISBN 5-88510-048-9 .
• Personal archival funds in the state depositories of the USSR : index: in 3 volumes / Ch. arch. control under the Council of M-in the USSR, State. B-ka USSR them. V.I. Lenin, Arch. Acad. sciences of the USSR; [editorial: Yu. I. Gerasimov and others; comp .: E.V. Kolosova et al.]. - M. , 1962. - T. 1: A — M. - S. 381. - 477 p.
• Valran V. Soviet photography. 1917-1955 / Valery Valran. - SPb. : Limbus Press, 2016 .-- 288 p. - ISBN 978-5-8370-0793-4 .

• Leo Leonidov (neopr.) . History of Russia in photographs . - Multimedia art museum. Moscow House of Photography . Date of appeal February 24, 2017. (unavailable link)
• Leonidov Lev Yakovlevich (1889-1952) (neopr.) (Inaccessible link) . RGALI . - F. 1936, 100 units. hr., 1925-1930. Date of treatment February 24, 2017. Archived February 24, 2017.
• Leo Leonidov (neopr.) . RIA News . Date of appeal February 24, 2017. (unavailable link)