The Indo-Australian Plate is the main name for two tectonic plates , including Australia and the ocean area in the northwest, and the Indian subcontinent and the adjacent area. Two plates joined together between 50 to 55 million years ago; by then, they were moving independently.
India , Australia , New Guinea , Tasmania , New Zealand , New Caledonia are all parts of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana . Through the process of spreading over time, they will become individual plates, but over time. [1] , [2]
Borders
A recent measurement in Australia confirms plate movement, which is 35 ° northeast at a speed of 67 mm / year. A slight change in the direction of the plate in Auckland appears, apparently due to the slight deformation of the plate where it is compressed by the Pacific Plate .
The southeastern region has a convergent border with the Pacific Plate. The Pacific Plate comes under the Australian Plate, forming the tongs of Tonga and Kermadec , and the parallel island arcs of Tonga and Kermadek . The subduction also raised the eastern part of New Zealand ( North Island ).
The continent of Zealand , which separated from Australia 85 million years ago and extends from New Caledonia in the north to the New Zealand Sub-Antarctic islands in the south, is now separated through the transformational Alpine Fissure . Macquarie Fracture Zone forms the transformation-convergent border with the Pacific Plate south of New Zealand, the subduction of the Australian Plate under the Pacific forms the Paisegur Trench and further to the south-west is the Macvery Range. [3]
On the southern edge, the divergent boundary with the Antarctic Plate forms the South Indian Ridge . The western edge of the Hindustan plate has a transformational boundary with the Arabian Plate in the north forming the Avensk fault zone. The divergent border with the African Plate in the south forms the Central Indian Ridge .
The eastern edge of the Indo-Australian Plate has a convergent border with the Eurasian Plate , forming the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush .
The northeast edge of the Indo-Australian Plate has a subduction border with the Eurasian Plate across the Indian Ocean from Bangladesh , Myanmar to the Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Borneo .
The subductional border through Indonesia is not identical to Wallace’s biogeographic line separating Asian and Australian fauna: Indonesia’s eastern islands lie mostly on the Eurasian Plate, but animals and plants are related to the fauna and flora of Australia.
Link
- ↑ Archived copy (inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is February 17, 2017. Archived March 11, 2007.
- Earth Press Release: An Earth Plate Is Breaking in Two
- ↑ Archived copy (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is February 17, 2017. Archived April 15, 2007.
Sources
- Dawson, Galvin C., Ian R. Fletcher, Bryan Krape, Neal J. McNaughton and Birger Rasmussen. (2002) “Did late Palaeoproterozoic assembly of proto-Australia include a link between the Pilbara, Yilgarn and Gawler Cratons?” Geochronological evidence from the Mount Barren Group of Albany-Fraser Orogen of Western Australia. »Precambrian Research, Vol. 118, Issues 3-4, 25 November, yy. 195-220.