Ammonia (from arab. ﻧﺸﺎﺩﺭ (nūšādir) - “ ammonia ”) is a mineral consisting of ammonium chloride . The chemical formula is NH 4 Cl [1] .
| Ammonia | |
|---|---|
| Formula | NH 4 Cl |
| Molecular mass | 53.49 |
| Impurity | Fe, Br |
| IMA Status | valid |
| IMA systematics ( Mills et al., 2009 ) | |
| Class | Halides |
| Group | Simple halides without water |
| Physical properties | |
| Color | Colorless, white, sometimes yellow or brown |
| Trait color | White |
| Shine | Glass |
| Transparency | Transparent |
| Hardness | 1-2 |
| Fragility | cutting |
| Cleavage | Very good, imperfect on {111} |
| Kink | Crayfish |
| Separateness | translational slip with T {011}, t [001] |
| Density | 1,532 g / cm³ |
| Radioactivity | 0 GRapi |
| Electrical conductivity | 1,60 |
| Crystallographic properties | |
| Point group | 4 / m 3 2 / m - cubic-hexaoctahedral |
| Space group | P m3m |
| Syngonia | Cubic |
| Cell options | a = 3.8759Å |
| Unit cell volume | V 57.47 ų |
| Twin | by {111}, may be cyclic |
| Optical properties | |
| Optical type | isotropic |
| Refractive index | n = 1,693 |
| Birefringence | weak |
| Maximum birefringence | weak under mechanical deformation |
| Optical axis dispersion | absent |
| Pleochroism | does not pleochroit |
Content
- 1 Structure
- 2 Properties
- 3 Morphology
- 4 Origin
- 5 Application
- 6 notes
- 7 References
Structure
Syngonia is cubic. It has a cubic-hexaoctahedral symmetry [2] . Close to halite and sylvin . During low-temperature crystallization, it differs in the body-centered structure of the crystal lattice (analogue of a zinc chloride crystal). May contain impurities of bromine and iodine [3] .
Properties
Colorless or white, with a glass sheen. Various coloring by impurities is possible (yellow-brown, gray [3] , reddish to brown). It is soluble in water (the solution has a burning caustic salty taste and a pungent odor) [4] . When heated under a blowtorch, it evaporates with the formation of smoke [3] .
Morphology
It is rare, usually in the form of sags, earthy deposits, crusts. Sometimes it forms massive clusters [3] , elongated skeletal crystals , clusters, dendrites [4] .
Origin
Product activity of volcanoes and hot springs [1] . It is also formed during the burning of coal seams or accumulations of debris, occasionally during the evaporation of groundwater in a hot climate. It is found in guano deposits. Often adjacent to native sulfur , when burning coal also with realgar , auripigment , , [5] .
Application
It is used as a chemical raw material [1] , as well as for soldering metals, gold alloying [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Krishtofovich A. N. Geological dictionary / resp. ed. Spizharsky T.N. - “Book on demand.” - Moscow: GOSGEOLTEHIZDAT, 1955. - T. II M — I. - S. 66 .-- 449 p. - ISBN 9785458366540 .
- ↑ David Barthelmy. Salammoniac Mineral Data . Mineralogy Database . webmineral.com. Date of treatment February 27, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Betekhtin A.G. Mineralogy / Ed. Krutova G.A. - Moscow: GOSGEOLIZDAT, 1950 .-- S. 326-332. - 957 s.
- ↑ 1 2 Salikhov V.S. Glossary of basic terms and concepts in geology: Textbook . - Chita: Transbaikal State University, 2015 .-- S. 75. - 143 p. - ISBN 978-5-9293-1276-2 .
- ↑ John W. Anthony et al. Sal ammoniac (Eng.) // Handbook of Mineralogy.