Mikolas Krupavičius ( lit. Mykolas Krupavičius , October 1, 1885 , the town of Balberiskis Marijampolė district, now Prenai district , Lithuania - December 4, 1970 , Chicago) - Lithuanian priest and politician, prelate, one of the main figures in land reform in Lithuania in the 1920s years , Minister of Agriculture (1923-1926).
| Mykolas Krupavicius | |
|---|---|
| Mykolas krupavičius | |
 Portrait in the “Lithuanian Album” (Berlin, 1921) | |
| Date of Birth | October 1, 1885 |
| Place of Birth | Balberishkis |
| Date of death | December 4, 1970 (aged 85) |
| Place of death | Chicago |
| San | prelate |
| Awards |  |
Content
Biography
In 1897 he graduated from high school in the town of Iglishkelai, in 1905 - a teacher's seminary in the town of Weveriai. In 1905 - 1907 he was a teacher in the Lomzhinsky province , in 1907 - 1908 - in Papil (Popelyany). He was twice arrested for participating in the propaganda of the ideas of the Lithuanian national liberation movement [1] .
From 1908 he studied at the Theological Seminary in Sejny , after which in 1913 he entered the Imperial Roman Catholic Theological Academy in St. Petersburg , where he studied until 1916 .
On June 13, 1914, Bishop Jan Felix Tsepljak ordained Krupavičius as priest. In 1917 he was appointed chaplain of the Lithuanian gymnasium in Voronezh. In the same year he founded the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party. [2] , until 1918 was its chairman [1] . In May 1918 he returned to Lithuania. In 1918-1919 he lived in Vilnius, participated in the work of the Lithuanian Tariba [1] , then moved to Kaunas.
In 1919-1923 and 1926-1927 he was chairman of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party [2] . In 1920 - 1922 he was a member of the Constituent Sejm, representing the Christian Democratic Party, then was elected a member of the First ( 1922 - 1923 ), Second ( 1923 - 1926 ), and Third ( 1926 - 1927 ) Lithuanian Sejm.
He was one of the main initiators of land reform in Lithuania, thanks to which many landless and low-land peasants received plots for independent farming. He led the implementation of land reform, elected chairman of the commission on land reform and being in 1923 - 1926 the Minister of Agriculture. [2]
In 1927 - 1929 in Lille and Toulouse he studied sociology, economics, law, journalism.
In 1930 - 1931 he was vicar in Garliava , then he taught at the theological seminary in Vilkaviskis ( 1931 - 1933 ). In 1933-1935 , he was rector in the town of Veyveriai, in 1935-1942 he was rector and dean in Kalvarii .
During the German occupation, together with Kazis Grinyus and Jonas Pranas Alyaksa, Minister of Agriculture in 1926-1935, signed a memorandum addressed to the Commissioner General Theodor Adrian von Rentelnu , with a protest against the colonization of Lithuania and the persecution of Jews and other citizens of the country [2] [1 ] ] . On December 5, 1942, the Gestapo was arrested and spent nine months in prisons in Eidtkunen and Tilsit . In 1943 he was interned in a Carmelite monastery in Regensburg . In 1945 he was liberated by the American army. In 1945 - 1955 he was chairman of the Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania . In 1948 he was elevated to the rank of prelate. He lived in Germany, then in 1956 he moved to the USA.
Died in Chicago. In 2006, his remains were reburied in the Basilica of the Resurrection of Christ in Kaunas. [2]
On February 16, 2006, he was posthumously awarded the Great Cross of the Order of the Cross of Witis [1] .
Journalism
He edited the newspapers Ateities spinduliai , Tiesos kardas , Laisvė , Tėvynės sargas , Laisvoji Lietuva, and the magazine Krikščionis demokratas . He collaborated in the newspapers Vilniaus žinios , Lietuvos ūkininkas , Šaltinis , Lietuvių laikraštis (Petrograd), Vadovas , Spindulys , Draugija , Rytas , Lietuva , Tiesosel "Lietuvos mokykla" , "Židinys" , "Pavasaris" , "Tėvynės sargas" , "Draugas" , "Sėja" . Author of many articles and books on religion, culture, politics, land reform, in particular, “Kova už žemę ir laisvę” (1920), “Kova už žemę ir ūkininką” (1928), “Jonas Basanavičius” (1927), “Lietuviškoji išeivija “ (1959), “ Krikščioniškoji demokratija “ (1948), “ Kunigas Dievo ir žmogaus tarnyboje “ (1961). Posthumously in Chicago came his memoirs "Atsiminimai" (1972).
Memory
The name of Mykolas Krupavičius is the alley in his homeland in the town of Balberiskis. In 2010, the Lithuanian Post issued a stamp dedicated to Krupavicius.
On September 23, 2012, through the efforts of Monsignor Alfonsas Svarinskas, at 10 Odminu Street in Vilnius, where Mikolas Krupavičius lived in 1918-1919, a memorial plate (architect Mindaugas Keris) with a bas-relief [2] [1] was opened. Above the bas-relief, the words from Krupavičius's will are knocked out:
Lithuanian, let it be to you
the very first father and mother,
but let them be above you
your fatherland LithuaniaOriginal text (lit.)Lietuvi, tebūnie tau
pirmaisiais tėvas ir motina,
bet virš jų tebūnie tau
Tavo Tėvynė Lietuva
Below the bas-relief is an inscription in Lithuanian:
Prelate
Mykolas Krupavicius
1885-1970
The creators of the State of Lithuania worked in this house in 1918Original text (lit.)Prelatas Mykolas Krupavičius
1885–1970
Šiame name 1918 metais dirbo Lietuvos valstybės kūrėjai
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vilnijos vartai .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lietuvos valstybingumo stiprintojas .
Links
- Mykolas Krupavičius (lit.)
- Tamakauskas, Zigmas. Mykolas Krupavičius - Lietuvos valstybingumo stiprintojas (lit.) . Bernardinai.lt . VšĮ „Bernardinai.lt“ (December 17, 2015). Date of appeal February 15, 2017.
- Lazauskaitė, Jurgita. Mykolas Krupavičius (lit.) . Vilnijos vartai . Vilniaus apskrities kraštotyra (2013). Date of appeal February 15, 2017.