Willem Nyuport ( Dutch: Willem Nieupoort ; January 30, 1607 , Schiedam - May 2, 1678 , The Hague ) - Dutch politician from the Party of the States, Ambassador of the Dutch Republic to the British Commonwealth , emissary of the delegation of the Netherlands who was negotiating the conclusion Westminster Treaty after the First Anglo-Dutch War .
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Biography
Niuport was the son of Willem Niuport, a clerk from Schidam. He studied literature in France. In 1637, he married Anna van Lohn, the daughter of Hans van Lohn, the wealthy director of the Dutch East India Company , and the couple had children. [1]
Career
After completing his studies in France, in approximately 1625 he became secretary of Albert Joachimi , Ambassador of the General States of the Netherlands to the St James's Court . Returning to the Netherlands, in 1629 he became a member of the city council of Shidam, and a few years later - a pensioner of this city. Thus, he represented the city in the States of Holland and in the General States. [1]
After the death of the stalter, William II, he played an important role in the rise to power of the party of the States, which proclaimed the First Period without the stalter in the political history of the Netherlands. The states of Holland first sent him to Friesland and Groningen to convince the states of these provinces to take part in the Grand Assembly (constituent assembly), which took place in The Hague in 1651. He was then sent to the States of Zealand to seek their support for the proposal of the States of Holland to abolish, in their opinion, excessive, the post of captain general of the Army of the States of the Netherlands. These were dangerous missions, as these three provinces were still considered hotbeds of Orangeism and, in this sense, hostile to its proposals. [1]
In 1653, after the First Anglo-Dutch War, he was elected one of the ambassadors to the Republic of England for peace talks with Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell, together with his Dutch counterpart Jerome van Beverning , Zealander Paulus van de Perre , and Frieze Allart Peter van jongestahl . As a confidant of the Grand Retirement Jan de Witt , he played a leading role in the Dutch Embassy along with Beverning. Both acted on de Witt's secret instructions, of which the other two members of the delegation remained in the dark. They were negotiating a secret annex to the Westminster Treaty , which obliged the States to Holland to eliminate the Act , which the other negotiators would be against. When, after ratification of the treaty, this secret became public, a political crisis erupted, the States of Friesland opened a public case against Niuport and Beverning on charges of treason. However, both took the oath of their innocence and all the charges brought to nothing. [1]
After the conclusion of the contract, Niuport remained in England as the Dutch ambassador to the Republic of England. His special mission was to negotiate trade agreements, freedom of navigation to protect neutral vessels during the war, and try to cancel, or at least soften, the Navigation Act . He did not succeed. [2] On the issue of what later became known as the Northern War , the Dutch Republic sought to maintain a “balance of power” in the Baltic, usually supporting the side of Sweden’s opponents, especially Denmark, and Niuport’s role was to restrain England, which leaned to the side of Sweden. He managed to keep England from entering the war "on the wrong side" from the point of view of Holland. [3]
After the restoration of King Charles II, Niuport was recalled by the General States, as he was recognized by Charles as a persona non grata . In the Republic, he returned to political activity. However, he was not involved in negotiations on the Delusional Agreement after the Second Anglo-Dutch War (unlike his colleagues Beverning and Jongestal). [1]
After the assassination of Jan and Cornelis de Witt in August 1672, he was attacked by a crowd of Orangemen in Shidam and imprisoned because of his membership in the United States Party. Later, the new staffing officer, William III of Orange, freed him from all his political posts in the ensuing political purge. [1]
His last years he lived as a private person. He died on May 2, 1678 in The Hague.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Van der Aa, AJ Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden. Deel 13 224–225. Haarlem: JJ van Brederode (1868). Date of treatment April 3, 2013.
- ↑ Davenport, Frances G. European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies, vol. 2. - Washington, DC: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2004. - ISBN 1-58477-422-3 .
- ↑ Jones, G. The Diplomatic Relations Between Cromwell and Charles X. Gustavus of Sweden. - Lincoln, Neb. : State Journal Company, 1879. - P. 25 ff ..