The history of Königsberg mail covers the approximately 500-year period of existence of the postal service in Königsberg ( German: Königsberger Postwesen ) in East Prussia (now the city of Kaliningrad , Russia ).
| Konigsberg Post † | |
|---|---|
| him Königsberger postwesen | |
 General Post Office of Konigsberg (1918) | |
| Mail history | |
| Organized by | XIV century |
| Closed | 1945 |
| First brands | |
| Standard | November 15, 1850 ( Prussia ) |
| Latest issue | July 1, 1867 ( Prussia ) |
Content
Mail Development
Order period
The Königsberg postal history dates back to the 14th century, with a messenger service founded by the Teutonic Order . The central service point was located in Marienburg , the capital of the Order State in 1309-1457 [1] .
In 1457, the capital was moved to Königsberg, and the central postal service moved to the city with it.
Prussian Duchy and Kingdom
In 1525, the Teutonic state ceased to exist and the Prussian Duchy was formed. Starting this year, the Königsberg Castle began to be used to accommodate the postal administration, in which they equipped a special room, a post staff ( Poststube ) [2] :
Postcard with a view of Königsberg Castle , which housed the Supreme Directorate of Posts
Albrecht , the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and the first Duke of Prussia , on the stamp of the Third Reich , dedicated to the 400th anniversary of the University of Koenigsberg (1944)
In 1618, after the unification of Prussia with the Margraine of Brandenburg , the post office was transferred to Berlin . Königsberg was assigned a secondary role [2] .
In the 1640s, during the Thirty Years War , in Königsberg there was a "dragoon" post, which was at the disposal of the elector . Mail was used to deliver military orders and diplomatic messages [2] .
During the Russian presence in East Prussia during the Seven Years' War (1758-1762), the Konigsberg post received the official name " Russian Imperial Court Post". The German postal administration remained in place, and the postal service continued to function [1] .
XIX century
In 1849, for the city post office, the building of the General Post Office was built on the site of a nursing home purchased in 1847. The building was located on Poststraße ( Poststraße - Postal Street ), next to the castle [1] . In 1850, the first Prussian postage stamps were issued in Königsberg.
July 20, 1853 opened the first telegraph line Königsberg - Braunsberg (now the city of Braniewo in Poland ). In 1854, Koenigsberg was connected by telegraph to the cities of the Russian Empire [3] .
Since 1894, the private Hanseatic post ( Hansa-Privatpost , located in the New Exchange building near the Green Bridge :
Four years later, in 1900, the Hansa post office ceased to operate [4] .
First Half of the 20th Century
In 1902, near the old post office building, on the Gesekus-Platz square , a new telegraph and post office building was constructed in the Neo-Gothic style :
In 1916, the neoclassical building of the Main Postal Directorate (or the Supreme Directorate of Posts; Oberpostdirektion ) of Königsberg was built, at the intersection of Hansaring and Brahmsstraße. As of January 1, 1940, the Main Post Office was to serve 25 post offices and government offices.
In 1917-1923 in Schölerpost there was a Schulerpost , a youthful, informal local post office [1] .
In 1926, the building of the appeared in Königsberg. The building was located at the intersection of Deutschordenring and Kniprodestraße [5] .
The building of the Main Post Office and the telegraph was badly damaged as a result of the bombing of the city by Allied aircraft in 1944.
In 1945, the Konigsberg post ceased to exist. At the time of the assault on Königsberg by Soviet troops in 1945, there were 23 post offices in the city.
Historical buildings
New Telegraph Building
In 1948, the surviving parts of the telegraph building on the former Gesekus-Platz served as the set for the Soviet film “ Meeting on the Elbe ”. In the period 1958-1959, there were plans to restore the destroyed building. However, in 1963, the ruins were demolished. On the site of the building, on Leninsky Prospekt , the Communication House was built:
Main Post Office Building
The building of the Main Post Office of Konigsberg has been preserved and is under state protection [6] . As of 2017, it houses the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet of the Russian Federation ( Grekova St. , 2):
Post Office Building
The building of the Office of Postal Orders has been preserved and is under state protection. As of 2017, Yantarenergo is located in the building (34 Teatralnaya St. ):
See also
- History of the Kaliningrad region
- History of postal and postage stamps in Germany
- History of Post and Postage Stamps of Prussia
- Local mail
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Gubin A. B. Postal essays // West of Russia. - 1997. - No. 1 (18). - (Topic: History of the city). (Retrieved July 2, 2017) Archived July 2, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Mail history. Prussian post in the XVI-XVII centuries . East Prussia . Postcard from East Prussia; Konstantin Korchevsky (June 21, 2016). Date of treatment July 2, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.
- ↑ Rußlands Telegraphennetz // / Herausgegeben von EM Dingler; Mit neun Tafeln Abbildungen. - Augsburg : Druck und Verlag der JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, 1868. - Bd. 188. — Heft 5. — S. 418-419. - (Miscellen). (German) (Retrieved July 2, 2017) Archived copy . Date of treatment February 11, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.
- ↑ Privatpost "Hansa" (German) . Postgeschichte Königsberg Pr .; Kurt Schneege (24. Juni 2003). Date of treatment July 2, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.
- ↑ Postfunkamt: Postal Check Center . Konigsberg architecture . My Königsberg _ Kaliningrad; Google Sites Google Date of treatment July 2, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.
- ↑ The building of the Supreme Directorate of Posts . Unified State Register of Cultural Heritage Objects : Ministry of Culture - ViewMaps CultureObjects . M .: Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Culture of Russia). Date of treatment July 2, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.
Literature
- Albinus R. Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung. - Germany : G. Rautenberg, 1988 .-- ISBN 3-7921-0320-6 . (him)
- Benkmann H.-G. Königsberg (Pr.) Und seine Post. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Post in Königsberg (Pr.) Von der Ordenszeit bis 1945. - Münich : Schild, 1981. - ISBN 3-88014-075-8 . (him)
- Stephan H. Geschichte der von Ihrem Ursprung bis auf die Gegenwart, nach amtlichen Quellen. - Berlin : Königliche Geheime Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei (R. Decker), 1859. (German)
- Stephan H. Geschichte der Preußischen Post von Ihrem Ursprung bis auf die Gegenwart, nach amtlichen Quellen / Neubearbeitet und fortgeführt von K. Sauter. - R. v. Decker´s Verlag, G. Schenck. (him)
Links
- Brandenburgisch-Preußische Post (German) Begriffe . Berlin: Preußen - Chronik eines deutschen Staates; Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg . - Post Office Brandenburg and Prussia. Date of treatment July 2, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.
- Xi. Front Steindamm . Historical and cultural research . Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad region , Russia: The heart of the city . - Historical and cultural research of the area of the Main Telegraph and the Post Office in the framework of the project “The Heart of the City”. Date of treatment July 2, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.
- Königsberg (German) . Suche . Bahrdorf , Deutschland : . - Archive of photos of the postal buildings of Koenigsberg. Date of treatment July 2, 2017. Archived July 2, 2017.