The history of postal and postage stamps of Venezuela highlights the development of postal services in Venezuela , a state on the northern coast of South America [1] [2] , located partly on the mainland, partly on the numerous islands adjacent to the mainland in the Caribbean . Since 1859, the country's postal administration has been issuing its own postage stamps [1] [2] and since 1880 has been participating in the Universal Postal Union (UPU) [3] . The modern postal operator of Venezuela is the company [3] [4] .
 Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela | |
|---|---|
| Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela | |
   Postage stamps of the 1859, in denominations of ½, 1 and 2 real ( Mi # 1-3) [^] | |
| Mail History | |
| UPU member | from January 1, 1880 |
| Money system | |
| 1858-1862 | 1 ($) = 10 reais |
| 1862-1879 | 1 peso fuerte ($) = 10 reais or 100 centavos |
| since 1879 | 1 bolívar = 100 centimo (céntimo) |
| Post office | Oficina Postal Telegráfica San Martin: Avenida José Ángel Lamas, San Martin, Centro Postal de Caracas , Parroquia San Juan, ZP1020 |
| Mail site | ipostel.gob.ve |
| First postage stamps | |
| Standard | 1859 |
| Commemorative | 1893 |
| Semi-mail | 1975 |
| Office | 1898 |
| Express delivery | 1949 |
| Airmail | 1930 |
| Other | postal stamp - 1871 |
| Post block | 1944 |
| Philately | |
| WNS Member | not involved |
| FIP member from country | Philatelic Association of Caracas |
| Society Office | Asociación Filatélica de Caracas, Edif. La Línea, Torre B, Piso 2, ofc. 22B, Av. Libertador, Caracas, Venezuela |
| Society website | asofilca.com |
Content
- 1 Mail Development
- 2 Postage Stamp Issues
- 2.1 First marks
- 2.2 Subsequent issues
- 3 Other types of postage stamps
- 3.1 Airmail
- 3.2 Service
- 3.3 Custom
- 3.4 Hurry
- 3.5 Post-stamp
- 3.6 Telegraph
- 4 Semi-official issues
- 5 Local issues
- 5.1 Guayana
- 5.2 Maturin (Monagas)
- 5.3 Federal District
- 5.4 Zulia
- 5.5 Tachira
- 6 Foreign post offices
- 7 Mail Conflict
- 8 Philately development
- 9 See also
- 10 notes
- 11 Literature
- 12 Links
Mail Development
The history of mail in Venezuela conditionally corresponds to two periods when it was a Spanish colony [5] and when it became a republic, having gained independence in 1821 [1] and being originally part of Greater Colombia [6] .
On postal items of the colonial period, one-line postal notes can be found. During the period of Great Colombia , postmarks were in the form of a large oval , and in 1842-1859 they were round [6] .
Since at least 1818, outgoing Venezuelan mail was sent from La Guaira to St. Thomas for further shipment to Europe [6] .
In 1863, Captain Robert Todd and his company were granted a private concession to transport mail between La Guire, Puerto Cabello, and St. Thomas [^] .
After many changes in control, this ship postal service eventually passed to competitors [6] .
On January 1, 1880, Venezuela became part of the UPU member countries [3] .
Since 1911, Venezuela is also a member of the Postal Union of American States, Spain and Portugal ( UPAEP ) [4] . On October 1, 1937, Spain entered into circulation an American- Spanish return coupon ( Spanish: Cupón-respuesta americoespañol ). It was distributed in the countries of this postal union, including Venezuela, until February 29, 1956 [7] .
Currently, Ipostel ( Instituto Postal Telegráfico de Venezuela - Venezuelan Postal and Telegraph Institute) is responsible for the postal services in the country [3] [4] , which is subordinate to the [4] .
Stamp Issues
First Marks
were issued on January 1, 1859 [1] [8] . They depicted the state emblem and the name of the country [1] written in the form of the text: “Correo de Venezuela” (“Venezuelan Post”) [2] [≡] [ ≡ ] .
Subsequent Issues
In the first hundred and a few years, from 1859 to 1963, 1,452 postage stamps and 11 were issued. The following labels may appear on the original stamps:
- Correo de Venezuela (Venezuelan Post) [≡] ;
- Federación Venezolana (Venezuelan Federation) [≡] ;
- "Correo de los E.E. UU de Veneza " (" Post of the ");
- Venezuela (Venezuela) [≡] ;
- Correos de Venezuela (Post Office of Venezuela);
- "HER. UU de Venezuela ” (“ United States of Venezuela ”) [≡] ;
- "Republica de Venezuela" ("Republic of Venezuela") [2] .
1862: second series of stamps with the emblem of the country and the inscription “Correo de Venezuela” (“Venezuelan Post ”) ( Mi # 4-6) [^]
In 1896, the earliest commemorative stamps of Venezuela [1] were issued on the occasion of the anniversary of the death of Francisco Miranda ( Mi # 48-52; Yt # 54-58) [≡] , which led to a postal conflict.
In 1938, a series of brands went on sale in support of the production of coffee and cocoa ( Mi # 232-249) :
In 1944, the first Venezuelan postal block was issued [1] :
In 1951-1953, Venezuela published 24 vintage series depicting the state emblems and the territory of the country, each of which had eight postage and eight airmail stamps [1] .
Other Stamps
Airmail
The first airmail stamps of the country appeared in 1930 [1] . On the stamps the inscription “Correo aéreo” (“ Airmail ”) [2] appears.
Service
The issuance of service marks in Venezuela was carried out in 1898-1942 [1] . They have the text “Oficial” (“ Official ”). In total, in 1859-1963, 271 service marks were issued [2] .
Custom
In the interval between 1859 and 1963, two registered stamps were issued - for registered letters [2] .
Hurry
For the same period of 1859-1963, two hasty stamps were put into circulation - for urgent mail [2] .
Post-stamps
In 1871-1965, fiscal stamps were used as postage in Venezuela [1] . According to L. L. Lepeshinsky [2] , for the period from 1859 to 1963, eight postal stamps were in circulation [9] .
The fiscal stamps of 1871-1879 [6] [10] with the inscriptions “Escuelas” (“ Schools ”) [2] [6] [10] [≡] [ ≡ ] [ ≡ ] and “Instruccion” (“ Enlightenment ”) [2] [6] [≡] . These stamps were originally used to pay tax on financing public elementary schools . They were valid for postal items until 1911 and were used in a similar way, especially during periods of instability from March 1871 to 1873 and in 1879-1880 [6] :
- Examples of postage stamps of Venezuela
Fiscal stamp with the inscription "Escuelas" (" Schools "), which was also used for postal purposes in 1871-1873
(No. 26 according to Forben catalog ) [^]The same (No. 29 according to Forben catalog)
The same with the inscription "Escuelas" ("Schools"), 1893, No. 68 according to the Blanco catalog ( Mi # ST59) [^]
The same, No. 69 according to the Blanco catalog ( Mi # ST60)
The same, No. 71 according to the Blanco catalog ( Mi # ST62)
Telegraph
In Venezuela, telegraphic stamps were also issued [11] , which in some cases were allowed for regular postal circulation [≡] .
Semi-official editions
From July 1864 to 1870, stamps intended for the Robert Todd seafaring company [2] [6] and Cameron, Macaulay & Co. ° [2] were issued on a contractual basis with the Venezuelan government. On the original stamps were inscribed: "S t -Thomas - La Guaira - P to Cabello" ("St. Thomas - La Guaira - Puerto Cabello", respectively, the company's shipping routes ) [2] [6] ; English “Packet” ; "Steam packet" ("Package delivered by the ship "). In total there are 17 such postage stamps [2] . They have the same denomination but are printed in different colors. Stamps went on sale in Venezuelan ports and on St. Thomas (island real was more expensive than mainland real) [6] [≡] .
During the same period, by agreement with the government of Venezuela and the Netherlands Colonial Administration, stamps were issued for the mail of the Jeserun company in Curacao . Original stamps had the inscription: Spanish. “La Guaira - P to Cabello - San Tomas” (“La Guaira - Puerto Cabello - San Thomas "); fr. "Paquet" ("Package"); niderl. “Curaçao” (“Curacao”). There are two such stamps issued [2] .
Local issues
The transition to local postal issues was due to the civil war in Venezuela in 1899 - 1903 [6] . According to the Grand Philatelic Dictionary [1] , in 1902-1903, in connection with the cessation of centralized deliveries of postage stamps, their own local stamps were issued in the Venezuelan city of Carupano , district and in the former states of and . Two issues were made in Carupano: in November 1902 during the riots and in January 1903 during the blockade by the European powers [6] . In Maturin and Marigno, stamps were printed in 1903; in Guayana - in March 1903 [6] .
L. L. Lepeshinsky [2] describes the following local postal emissions in the late XIX - early XX centuries.
Guayana
In 1902-1903, in the former Venezuelan state of Guayana (now the , including the state of Bolivar ), centered in the city of Ciudad Bolivar , the rebel government issued its own postage stamps of the original drawing. There were inscriptions on them: sp. Correos de Venezuela (Venezuelan Post) and Estado Guayana (State of Guayana). In total, ten postage stamps and five stamp-postage stamps were issued [2] .
Maturin (Monagas)
In 1902-1903, in the former state of Venezuela Maturin (now Monagas and some other states), with the center of the same name , there was a rebel government, which also resorted to issuing its own original stamps with the inscriptions: “Correos de Venezuela” (“Venezuelan Post”); Estado Maturin (State of Maturin). Stamps were issued in 1903 before the submission of the rebels of Maturin to the central government of Venezuela. In total, five postal stamps and one post stamp are printed [2] .
Federal District
In 1905, in the district of the , with the center in Caracas, there were three postage stamps of the original drawing, on which there were inscriptions: “E.E. UU de Venezuela " (" United States of Venezuela "); "Distrito Federal" ("Federal District") [2] . The issue was dedicated to the 6th anniversary of the , and the portrait of President Cipriano Castro ( Mi # 83-85) [≡] [ ≡ ] is placed on the stamps .
Postcard (1908), franked with the stamp of the , 1905 ( Mi # 83) [^] |
Zulia
The state of Zulia (center of Maracaibo ) in 1891 put into circulation two original postage stamps with the inscriptions: “Venezuela” (“Venezuela”); Correos del Estado Soberano del Zulia (Post of the Sovereign State of Zulia) [2] :
Tachira
In 1906, three postage stamps were issued in Tachira , with a center in San Cristobal . They were round in shape and had an original drawing and inscriptions: “E.E. UU de Venezuela " (" United States of Venezuela "); "Estado de Tachira" ("State of Tachira"); “Agenda principal de estampilas” (“General Directorate for the Issue of Postage Signs”) [2] .
Foreign Post Offices
In the second half of the 19th century, British post offices were organized in Venezuela. At the same time, British postage stamps were in circulation in La Guaira in 1865-1880; these marks can be identified by the stamp of the cancellation stamp “C60” . Great Britain postage stamps used in Ciudad Bolivar in 1868-1880 were stamped with the stamp "D22" [8] [6] .
French postal offices in La Guaira and Puerto Cabello used French postage stamps from 1866 to 1879 to deliver mail on the sea line "L" ( French Ligne L ) in Fort-de-France ( Martinique ) [6] .
Email Conflict
Venezuela supported its territorial claims during the Venezuelan crisis of 1895 by printing commemorative stamps ( Mi # 48-52; Yt # 54-58) in 1896 with a map on which Guayana is depicted to the east bank of the Essexibo River as Spanish. Guayana Venezolana (Venezuelan Guayana) [12] [≡] .
Развитие филателии
«Отцом» венесуэльской филателии считается Хосе Пас Кастильо ( José I. Paz Castillo ):
В 1958 году был основан Филателистический клуб Каракаса ( Club Filatélico Caracas ). В середине 2003 года эта организация была переименована в Филателистическую ассоциацию Каракаса ( Asociación Filatélica de Caracas ; сокращённо ASOFILCA ). Это было вызвано необходимостью реформировать сообщество венесуэльских филателистов , «адаптируясь к новым экономическим, социальным и филателистическим реалиям Венесуэлы и мира» [13] .
See also
- История Венесуэлы
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Венесуэла // Большой филателистический словарь / Н. И. Владинец, Л. И. Ильичёв, И. Я. Левитас … [and others ] ; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. — М. : Радио и связь, 1988. — С. 42. — 40 000 экз. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (Проверено 29 мая 2017) Архивированная копия . Дата обращения 29 мая 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Венесуэла (Соединённые Штаты Венесуэлы) // Филателистическая география (зарубежные страны): Справочник / Л. Л. Лепешинский. — М. : Связь, 1967. — С. 348—350. — 480 с. (Проверено 29 мая 2017) Архивированная копия . Date of treatment February 10, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Venezuela (англ.) . The UPU : Member countries: Americas . Universal Postal Union . — ВПС: Государства-участники: Венесуэла. Date of treatment May 29, 2017. Archived May 29, 2017.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Países miembros: Venezuela (исп.) . La Organización . Montevideo , Uruguay : UPAEP. Дата обращения 16 июня 2017. Архивировано 28 мая 2017 года.
- ↑ См. статью Генерал-капитанство Венесуэла .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Rossiter S. , Fowler J., Wellsted R. Venezuela (англ.) . Stamp Collecting Resources: Stamp Atlas . Knutsford , UK : Sandafayre Stamp Auctions; Sandafayre (Holdings) Ltd. — Венесуэла. Дата обращения 4 июня 2017. Архивировано 4 июня 2017 года.
- ↑ Restricted Unions Reply Coupons — Generalities (англ.) . Postal Reply Coupons . France : André Hurtré (11 March 2011). Дата обращения 2 июня 2008. Архивировано 11 января 2012 года.
- ↑ 1 2 Rossiter S., Fowler J. The Stamp Atlas: A Unique Assembly of Geography, Social and Political History, and Postal Information. — 1st edn. — L. , Sydney : Macdonald, 1986. — P. 166. — 336 p. — ISBN 0-356-10862-7 . (англ.)
- ↑ О почтово-гербовых марках подробнее см.:
- Марки почтово-гербовые // Большой филателистический словарь / Н. И. Владинец, Л. И. Ильичёв, И. Я. Левитас … [ and others ] ; under the general. ed. N.I. Vladinets and V.A. Jacobs. — М. : Радио и связь, 1988. — С. 182. — 40 000 экз. - ISBN 5-256-00175-2 . (Проверено 28 января 2016) Архивированная копия . Дата обращения 30 сентября 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Fulcher LW The stamps of Venezuela: Escuelas 1871—79 // Stanley Gibbons Monthly Journal . — L. : Stanley Gibbons , 1925. — April. (англ.) (Проверено 4 июня 2017) Архивировано 23 августа 2010 года.
- ↑ См. их подборки на Викискладе .
- ↑ Stern RW The politics of printing in stamp design and production // NSW Philatelist. — 2008. — 15 October. (англ.) (Проверено 3 июня 2017) Архивировано 3 июня 2017 года.
- ↑ Inicio (исп.) . Caracas, Venezuela: ASOFILCA — Asociación Filatélica de Caracas. Дата обращения 3 июня 2017. Архивировано 3 июня 2017 года.
Literature
- Blanco A. Venezuela Catálogo especializado de estampillas. — Caracas, Venezuela, 2009. — 183 p. — ISBN 980-300-176-0 . (Spanish)
- Espejo D., José P. La Filatelia Mundial y Venezolana. — Caracas, Venezuela: Cuadernos Lagoven, Lagoven, SA, 1990. — 131p. — ISBN 980-259-332-X . (Spanish)
Links
- The «Correos» Stamps of Venezuela (англ.) . Stamp Resources: Philatelic Library . , PA , USA : Apfelbaum, Inc.. Дата обращения 2 июня 2017. Архивировано 2 июня 2017 года.