The Samnites are an ancient Italian people, speaking in the language of the Osk group , belonging to the Sabellian tribes. Originally they lived in the mountains of Central Italy south of Lazio on the border with Campania and Apulia . This historical region became known as Samniy . Theodore Momzen linked the origin of the Samnites to the Umber .
| Samnites | |
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| Tongue | |
History
The capital of the Samnites was considered the city of Bovianum . The political form of the organization was the Samnite Federation (union of tribes). After weakening the Etruscans seized vast territories in the south of Italy. In 423 BC. er The Samnites attacked and captured the Etruscan colony of Kapuya , and then in 421 BC. er - the Greek city of Kuma . Contact with the cities of Greater Greece contributed to the Hellenization of the Samnites. Later they faced the expansion of Rome ( Samnite wars (343-290 years. BC. E.)) and were forced to submit. [1] The Roman dictator Sulla exterminated a large number of Samnite warriors and Lukans in retaliation for participating in the civil war on the side of Mary in the Roman circus:
Three thousand enemies sent a messenger to him asking for mercy, and Sulla promised them security if they came to him, before causing damage to the rest of his enemies. They believed, attacked their own, and many on both sides were killed by the hands of recent comrades. However, all those who survived, both from the attackers and those who defended, about six thousand in all, Sulla gathered at the circus, and he convened senators to a meeting at the Bellona temple. And at the very time when Sulla began to speak, the people detached from him began to beat the six thousand. The victims, of which there were so many and who were slaughtered in terrible crush, naturally, raised a desperate cry. The senators were shocked, but Sulla, who was already holding a speech, did not change his face in the least, told them that he needed attention to his words, and what was happening outside didn’t concern them: some of the villains by his command instruct him. [2]
The repressions of Sulla against the Samnites were so devastating that after these events, all references to the existence of this tribe disappear. Most of the Samnites, fleeing from the genocide, fled from their homeland. According to Strabo , "the cities of Samnia became villages, and most of them disappeared completely."
Tribal List
- The guids
- Cavdins
- Karatseni
- Pentras
- Frentany
Outstanding Samnites
- Gavius Pontius - the leader who inflicted a humiliating defeat on the battle of Kavda gorge on the Romans
- Pontius Telezin - Italian military leader, leader of the Samnites during the war between the Sullanese and Marian parties in ancient Rome.
Heritage
Notes
- ↑ History of Ancient Rome: Chrestomathy (inaccessible link) . The date of circulation is February 13, 2009. Archived January 20, 2009.
- ↑ Plutarch. Comparative biographies. Lysander and Sulla
Literature
- Salmon, ET Samnium and the Samnites. London, Cambridge University Press, 1967.
- Rostovtsev, M. Samnity. - V: He is. Miscellanea: From Russian overseas magazines (1920-1939). Ready K.A. Avetisyan. SPb .: Philological faculty of St. Petersburg State. University, 2004, 137-151.
- Grossmann, Lukas, Roms Samnitenkriege: historische und historiographische Untersuchungen zu den Jahren 327-290 v. Chr. Düsseldorf, Wellem Verlag, 2009 (Reihe Geschichte, 1).