Ivan Parfanievich Borodin ( January 18 [30], 1847 - March 5, 1930 ) is a Russian botanist , a popularizer of science, the initiator of the Russian environmental movement, one of the founders of the ethical and aesthetic approach to wildlife conservation and wildlife conservation . He developed the ideas of the Hugo Convention on the cultural and moral component of nature conservation. He studied the physiology (mainly respiration ) and the anatomy of plants , including the distribution of chlorophyll in their green parts.
| Ivan Parfenievich Borodin | |
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| Scientific field | botany |
| Place of work | St. Petersburg Agricultural and Forestry Institute , IMHA , Bureau of Applied Botany , Botanical Museum of the Academy of Sciences , Russian Academy of Sciences , Petrograd Botanical Garden . |
| Alma mater | St. Petersburg University |
| Academic rank | Academician of SPbAN Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR |
| Known as | initiator of creation and permanent president of the Russian Botanical Society , author of good textbooks on botany and numerous works in the field of plant physiology and anatomy [2] |
Corresponding Member (since December 5, 1887; Physics and Mathematics Department, in the category of Biological Sciences - Botany), Ordinary Academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (April 6, 1902, Physics and Mathematics Department), Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1917), USSR Academy of Sciences (since 1925). Full member of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [3] .
Biography
From the nobility of the Ekaterinoslav province . Brother, Alexander Parfenievich Borodin - engineer of communications, one of the founders of Russian steam locomotive building .
He graduated from the 5th St. Petersburg Gymnasium (1863; was a student of N. I. Raevsky [4] [5] ) and a course at St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics (Department of Natural Sciences).
In 1869 he entered the faculty of botany and at the same time head of the department of botany and dendrology at the St. Petersburg Agricultural and Forestry Institute . In 1877, the agronomic department of the institute, transformed into the St. Petersburg Forest Institute, was closed, and Borodin was left a teacher of botany. He headed the department for 35 years - until 1904 [6] .
In 1876, Ivan Parfenyevich received a master 's degree in botany for his dissertation “Physiological studies on the respiration of leafy shoots”. This work, which made Borodin famous not only in Russia but also in Western Europe, was followed by a number of physiological and anatomical works, especially on the distribution of various substances in plants, and Borodin developed a special method for studying them, named after him [7] .
In 1878, he was appointed professor at the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy , where he lectured botany until 1880, when he was approved as a professor at the Forest Institute.
Borodin belongs to the discovery (1880-1882) of crystallizing chlorophyll , which played a large role in the study of this substance [7] . The German chemist R. Willstätter , a researcher in the chemistry of chlorophyll, called such crystals “Borodin crystals” [8] . In 1873, Borodin laid the foundation for the study of flavonoids in Russia.
From 1881 to 1904, Borodin was editor of Proceedings of the Society of Naturalists at St. Petersburg University, in the Department of Botany; later - the editor of Materials for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Russia, published by the Commission for the Study of the Natural Productive Forces of Russia , which is part of the Imperial Academy of Sciences.
In 1886, Novorossiysk University unanimously elected him an Honorary Doctor of Botany. In the second half of 1887, Borodin also gave lectures in botany at St. Petersburg University (instead of A. S. Famintsyn who left the department ) [9] , and more than once at the Higher Women's Courses .
Since 1887, Ivan Parfenevich Borodin is a corresponding member , and since 1902, an academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences .
December 14, 1899 Borodin was appointed head of the Bureau of Applied Botany , which was in charge until September 23, 1904. The Borodin Bureau responded to inquiries and gave reviews of works on crop production .
Since 1902 - Director of the Botanical Museum of the Academy of Sciences .
In 1903, Borodin published his public lectures on fertilization . In these lectures, he was one of the first in Russia to set out in detail the work of G. Mendel “Experiments on plant hybrids” and the result of the work of his followers confirming her conclusions.
January 27, 1905 in the St. Petersburg newspaper " Rus " appeared "Note 342 scientists", criticizing the autocracy . Among the sixteen academicians who signed it was Borodin. The consequence of this was a letter sent to these academics by the president of the Academy of Sciences, Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich , condemning their act and proposing to first refuse the official salary, and then engage in politics. I.P. Borodin submitted a letter of resignation to the president of the Academy of Sciences. However, the Grand Duke soon apologized to the academics.
In May 1907, Academician Borodin represented the Imperial Academy of Sciences at celebrations in Sweden dedicated to the bicentenary of the birth of Karl Linnaeus [10] .
Borodin has repeatedly appeared in the press and in scientific societies with the idea of protecting nature. On December 29, 1909, at the XII Congress of Russian Naturalists and Doctors in Moscow, he made a hotly supported program report “On the Preservation of Plots of Vegetation Interesting in the Botanical and Geographical Regime”. In the article “Preservation of Natural Monuments”, he gave a detailed overview of environmental protection measures in Russia and abroad, offering a number of unique natural places of the country for conservation, and named the primary environmental problems in Russia:
The most urgent seems to me the formation of steppe protected areas. Steppe issues are our purely Russian issues, meanwhile, it is the steppe , the virgin steppe that we risk losing most likely [11] .
In 1912, with his active participation, the Permanent Environmental Commission under the Russian Geographical Society was created. The chairman of the commission was appointed an honorary member of the society, former Minister of Agriculture and State Property , academician of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences A.S. Yermolov , and I.P. Borodin, friend (i.e., deputy) of the chairman.
In November 1913, Borodin represented Russia at the first International Conference on the Conservation of Nature in Bern [12] and presented there a memo on the main topic of the conference.
In one of the first books on nature conservation in Russia published in 1914, Borodin wrote:
... we cannot help joining the broad movement "for the protection of nature" that swept Western Europe: it is our moral duty to our homeland, humanity and science ... No matter how many protective areas our neighbors arrange, they are not able to replace our future reserves. Spread over a vast space in two parts of the world, we are the owners of a kind of unique treasures of nature. <...> ... it’s easy to destroy them, but there is no way to recreate them ... Creation of protective sites is extremely important for educational purposes as well [13] .
On the initiative of Borodin, in 1915 the Russian Botanical Society was organized, the permanent president of which he was until the end of his life.
From October 7, 1917 to May 31, 1919 I.P. Borodin was vice-president of the Russian Academy of Sciences [14] .
In 1917-1919 - Director of the Petrograd Botanical Garden .
In December 1917, he urged academics to sabotage the Bolshevik regime.
In 1928, he opposed the election of prominent communists as full members of the Academy of Sciences.
He founded a freshwater (lake) biological station, first on Lake Bologom , then on Lake Seliger ( Borodino Biological Station ), in 1929 the station was relocated to Lake Konchezero in Karelia [15] . Borodin published four volumes of the Proceedings of the station at his own expense [7] .
Part of the herbarium collection, assembled with his own hands, including more than 800 herbarium leaves of plants of the Novgorod province and 1573 plant specimens of the Irkutsk district , was handed over by IP Borodin to the Botanical Office of the Forest Institute. [6]
In some works, in particular, Protoplasm and vitalism (1894), Borodin advocated vitalistic views on the essence of vital functions, which caused criticism from K. A. Timiryazev . [sixteen]
Family
Mother - Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Borodina (nee Lykoshina ), a hereditary noblewoman .
Father - Parfeny Afanasyevich, staff captain .
Brother - Alexander Parfenievich Borodin .
Wife Alexandra Grigoryevna (nee Peretz; 1846) studied at the Bestuzhev courses in the philological department, and then devoted herself to literature and journalism [17] .
Daughter Inna Ivanovna (born in 1878 in St. Petersburg, died in 1959), husband Lyubimenko, historian, archivist.
Daughter Mirra Ivanovna (born in 1882 in St. Petersburg, died in 1957), her husband, a French historian , Lot-Borodin. Three daughters: Irene (became a librarian), Evelina (headed one of the departments at the Museum of Man in Paris ) and Marianne (a specialist in the history of the Middle Ages ).
In honor and memory of I.P. Borodin
In 1921, N. A. Bush, in recognition of the merits of I.P. Borodin, named after him the genus of plants of Borodinia ( Borodinia N. Busch ) of the Brassicaceae family .
The name of Borodin is the Herbarium of the St. Petersburg Forestry Academy (former Botanical Office of the Imperial Forest Institute).
Printed Works
Borodin's works belong to the field of physiology, anatomy and systematics of plants ; he wrote a number of remarkable textbooks on botany: a course on plant anatomy , a brief outline of mycology (1st edition - 1897), which, in the 30s of the 20th century, remained, despite the obsolescence of some particulars, the best Russian introduction to mycology . A brief textbook of botany for agricultural schools (1888) by 1930 had survived thirteen editions. The course of dendrology (1891), as well as a brief outline of mycology , did not lose its relevance in the 21st century [7] [8] .
- About breathing in pure oxygen // Tr. Total Naturalists at St. Petersburg University. - T. XI , no. 76 .
- On the breath of open buds // Tr. Total Naturalists at St. Petersburg University. - T. XI , no. 157 .
- On the breakdown and formation of protein substances in plants // Tr. Total Naturalists at St. Petersburg University. - T. XI , no. 160 .
- Ueber Krystallinische Nebenpigmente des Chlorophylls // Bulletin de L'Acad. Imper. de St.-Petersb.
- The latest successes of botany 1877-1879. - SPb. , 1880.
- Paspalum spherocrystals and the microchemical discovery of leucine // Tr. Total Naturalists at St. Petersburg University. - 1883. - T. XIII , no. 47 .
- Sur la repartition des cristaux d'oxalate de chaux dans les feuilles des Legumes, et des Rosac // Bulletin de Congres international de bot. et d'hort. a St.-Petersbourg. - 1884.
- On the conditions for the accumulation of leucine in plants // Tr. Total Naturalists at St. Petersburg University. - 1885. - T. XVI , no. II, 69 .
- Plant Physiology: Lectures of St. Petersburg. forest in-that, read. I.P. Borodin, 1886-1887. - SPb. , 1887. - 124 p.
- On the distribution of dulcite in plants // Tr. Total Naturalists at St. Petersburg University. - 1888. - The same is in the Journal of Natural Sciences, 1889
- The course of dendrology. - SPb. , 1891.
- On crystalline deposits in the leaves of Anonaceae and Violarieae // Tr. Total Naturalists at St. Petersburg University. - 1891. - T. XXI . - S. 177-205 .
- Borodin J. Die in St. Petersburg befindlichen Herbarien und botanischen Museen (German) // Botanisches Centralblatt. - Cassel und Marburg, 1893. - Bd. LVI , H. 51 . - S. 353-356 .
- Protoplasm and vitalism. - SPb .: Type. I.N. Skorokhodova, 1894. - 30 p.
- The process of fertilization in the plant kingdom. - SPb .; M., 1888. - 2nd ed., 1896
- A brief outline of mycology. - 1897.
- Borodin I.P. Historical essay of the Department of Botany at the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1798-1898) // Historical essays of the natural science departments of the Imperial Military Medical Academy. - Type of. Min-va int. Affairs, Military. type, 1898. - 406 s.
- Plant Anatomy Course . - SPb .; M., 1900.
- Epidermins in buttercups. - 1902.
- Essays on fertilization in the plant kingdom // Peace of God. - 1903. - No. 4 . - S. 257—272 . - Continuation in No. 11, S. 199-210, and No. 12, S. 255-274.
- The Botanical Office of the Imperial Forest Institute at the beginning of the second century of its existence // Izv. Imp. Lesn. in-that. - 1905. - No. 12 .
- Collectors and collections on the Siberian flora. - SPb .: Type. Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1908. - 227 p.
- Sur la distribution des stomates sur les feuilles du Lycopodium annatinum // Ann. Jard. Buitenzorg. - 1909.
- Protection of natural monuments // Tr. Bot. Garden Imp. Yuryevsky University. - 1910. - T. 9 . - S. 297-317 .
- Short course of botany . - 10th ed. - Ed. A.F. Devrien, 1911 .-- 464 p.
- World Conservation. Report of Academician I.P. Borodin on a business trip to Bern to the Conference on International Conservation of Nature // Speeches and reports read at the Conference on International Conservation of Nature in Bern, in November 1913, by delegates from Switzerland, Australia, Belgium, Great Britain, Holland, Norway, Russia, North-Am. conn. states and France. - Pg. : Type of. M.M. Stasyulevich, 1915.
- Plant Anatomy Course. - 5th ed. - M .; L .: Selkhozgiz, 1938 .-- 312 p.
The Russian translation of the world famous book of the Austrian botanist A. Kerner Plant Life [18] was edited and preface by I. P. Borodin. In collaboration with A. P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, he wrote a preface to the collection of original poems by N. A. Kholodkovsky “Herbarium of my daughter” [19] (Pg., 1922).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Borodin Ivan Parfenevich // Big Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Borodin // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. 1907-1909. (Retrieved October 27, 2009)
- ↑ Borodin Ivan Parfenovich National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- ↑ Raevsky Nikolai Ivanovich . www.rulex.ru. Date of treatment May 20, 2018.
- ↑ Borodin Ivan Parfenyevich (Russian) , WordPress (March 16, 2015). Date of treatment May 20, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Krestovskaya T.V., Potokin A.F., Titov Yu.V. Herbarium named after I.P. Borodin of the St. Petersburg Forestry Academy . Date of treatment November 19, 2009. Archived February 24, 2012.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Big Biographical Encyclopedia - Borodin, Ivan Parfentievich (Retrieved October 27, 2009)
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopedia of Forestry, 2006 .
- ↑ Borodin, Ivan Parfentievich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Report on a business trip to Sweden for the celebration of the bicentenary of Linnaeus IP Borodin’s birthday // News of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. VI series. - 1907. - No. 15 . - S. 629-633 .
- ↑ Borodin I.P. Protection of natural monuments // Transactions of the Botanical Garden of Imperial Yuryev University. - 1910. - T. 9 . - S. 301 .
- ↑ Borodin I.P. Report on a business trip to Bern to the Conference on International Nature Conservation // News of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. VII series. - SPb. , 1913. - T. VII , No. 18 . - S. 1065-1068 .
- ↑ Borodin I.P. Protection of natural monuments. - SPb. , 1914.
- ↑ Russian Academy of Sciences - Borodin Ivan Parfenevich (Retrieved October 27, 2009)
- ↑ Konchezersky Biological Station Archived May 25, 2015 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ Borodin Ivan Parfenevich - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Borodina, Alexandra Grigoryevna // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Kerner von Marilown A. Plant Life. In two volumes = Pflanzenleben. - SPb. : Book Publishing. the Enlightenment, 1899-1903.
- ↑ Kholodkovsky N. A. Herbarium of my daughter. - Pg. : Mosk. Publishing House of P.P. Soikin and I.F. Afanasyev, 1922.
Literature
- Vengerov S. A. Borodin I. P. [Autobiographical essay] // Critical and biographical dictionary of Russian writers and scientists. - SPb. , 1897. - V. 5. - S. 274—278. - In the app .: List of scholarly works of the author.
- Goncharov N.P. On the anniversaries of the heads of the Bureau of Applied Botany: A.F. Batalina, I.P. Borodin, R.E. Regel // VOGiS Bulletin. - 2007. - T. 11, No. 2. (Retrieved July 26, 2010)
- Gutina V.I. Ivan Borodin // Russian science in persons: Prince. 1 / Comp. T.A. Mavrina, V.A. Popov. Ed. N.A. Plate. - M .: Academia, 2003 .-- ISBN 5-87444-049-6 .
- Komarov V.L. I.P. Borodin, President of the Russian Botanical Society // Nature: Journal. - 1917. - No. 2 .
- Manoilenko K.V. Ivan Parfenievich Borodin, 1847-1930 / Res. ed. E.I. Kolchinsky. - M .: Nauka, 2005. - (Scientific and biographical literature). - ISBN 5-02-033656-4 .
- Manoilenko K.V. Ivan Parfenievich Borodin and his botanical and environmental school (On the 75th anniversary of his death) // Forestry: journal. - Academic Publishing Center "Science" RAS, 2006. - No. 5 . - S. 58-65 . - ISSN 0024-1148 . - UDC : 630 * 016: 581
- Anniversary collection dedicated to Ivan Parfenievich Borodin. - L .: Publ. Gos. Russian bot. Islands, 1927.
- Borodin Ivan Parfenyevich // Encyclopedia of Forestry. - M .: VNIILM, 2006. - T. 1. - P. 71. - ISBN 5-94737-022-0 .
- Grigoryev S.V. Biographical Dictionary. Natural science and technology in Karelia. - Petrozavodsk: Karelia, 1973.- S. 253. - 269 p. - 1000 copies.
Links
- Profile of Ivan Parfenievich Borodin on the official website of the RAS
- Borodin Ivan Parfenevich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.