Asphalts are solid bitumen with a melting point (softening) above 100 ° C. 70–96% consist of asphaltenes [1] , have a density of 1-1.2 g / cm 3 . They are formed during anaerobic oxidation of oil and its further change under the influence of oxygen dissolved in water [2] . Accumulate layers at the outlets of oil [3] . They are used in the manufacture of insulation coatings and glue [4] .
Asphaltites are divided into 2 subclasses: Gilsonites and Graememites. Gilsonites (named after their producer, Gilson [5] ) contain more hydrogen , therefore they are lighter (density 1–1.15 g / cm 3 ) and melt at a lower temperature without much decomposition, they have a shiny shiny fracture. Grahamites (also named after the entrepreneurs who developed them, Graham [5] ) are heavier, more refractory, and when melted they swell; more fragile, fracture uneven [6] .
Notes
- ↑ High-sulfur oils and problems of their processing. Vol. 8. M .: Chemistry, 1968
- ↑ Permyakov I.G., Khairetdinov N.Sh., Shevkunov E.N. Oil and gas geology and geophysics. M .: Nedra, 1986.- S. 100.
- ↑ Asphalts - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- ↑ Pokonova Yu.V. Chemistry of high molecular weight oil compounds. L .: Publishing house Leningra. University, 1980 .-- S. 158.
- ↑ 1 2 Geological dictionary: in 2 volumes. - M .: Subsoil. Edited by K. N. Paffengoltz et al. 1978
- ↑ Bazhenova O. K. Geology and geochemistry of oil and gas. - Publishing house of Moscow State University, Moscow, S. 65.