“Cossacks rose up” - a Ukrainian folk song, attributed to a semi-legendary songwriter from Poltava, Marus Churai [1] . According to the plot, a Cossack, faithful to his duty, sets out on the road - to defend his native land. He is forced to leave his mother and his girlfriend. The Cossack asks his mother, when something happens to him, to accept his girlfriend Marusya as his child.
| Zasvit Kozac rose | |
|---|---|
| folk song | |
| Tongue | Ukrainian |
| Publication | no later than 1834 |
| Compilations | “Ukrainian folk stories” by M. M. Maksimovich (1834) and others. |
| Quotes in music | Operetta N.V. Lysenko "Chernomorets" (1872); the opera (his own) “Taras Bulba” (as edited by L. N. Revutsky and B. N. Lyatoshinsky ); and etc. |
| First Commercial Record | |
| Name (description) | the record "Kozachenka Has Beaten" (catalog number 11049; recorded in London) |
| release date | 1899 |
| Label | " Gramophone " |
| Executor | Medvedeva Choir |
The song is built in the form of a dialogue. There are addresses, traditional to a folk song, diminutive words, constant epithets.
Known in a variety of options. Sometimes it is performed slowly, with an expressive lyrical color, sometimes - quickly, in a march-marching pace [2] [3] .
Content
Song usage in literature and music
The song was published in the collection of Mikhail Maksimovich “Ukrainian folk stories” of 1834. Soon, it became known to the general public thanks to Yakov Kukharenko who in 1836 included her in the plays “The Black Sea Beat in the Kuban” [4] . Subsequently, the composer Nikolai Lysenko , writing music to him, introduced the song to his opera Chernomorets (1872). In 1937, it was used by composers Lev Revutsky and Boris Lyatoshinsky , performing a new musical version of N. Lysenko ’s Taras Bulba opera. [5] S. Chernetsky used the motif of this melody when writing the Ukrainian March No. 3 (1938).
V. Chemeris wrote the historical story “Kozachenka rose ...” (1991) [6] , believing that this song is one of the “ greatest ” songs of Marusya Churaivna, because it “ will take only a little time, the whole Ukraine will catch and sing from the east to the west, from the south to the north . " More than 16 excerpts from various Marusya songs are used in the work, it explains how and under what circumstances these songs appeared [7] .
About the "value" of the song says this passage:
Well, th Marusya, well, th Churavna! - hit the head vіyt. - 3 such pіsneyu i to death pіdesh.- Qiu psnyu vzhe all Poltava spіvaє - saying Makhinya. - And the demand is all Ukraine. Tozh, Petre, kulbach horse і on the road hutchish virusishay. Tilki not zakudikuy! Search for Ukraine, Rozshukaєsh Viyko Hetman ... Bo Kozak without pіsnі scho without a template. Navіt gіrshe. Drift! Good morning over? Do not forget?- Taku pisnya forget it? - Makhinya was already spoiled. - Yak hto head menі zіtne, just like that, forget it [8] |
First sound recording
According to P.N. Grunberg and V.L. Yanin , in Russia until 1900 there was only one record company that worked on a commercial basis (in any significant quantities), namely: “ Gramophone Company ”. In the most detailed catalog of the manufacturer for the years 1899-1915, the song was first mentioned under the number 11049 (for 1899), under the name “Kozachenka Has Hallowed”; as a performer, the Medvedeva Choir is listed (apparently, Sophia Medvedeva) [9] [ten]
Song lyrics (excerpts)
The first line of the song has different interpretations. The variant “Kozacheni Has Been Saved” was used by the Ukrainian ethnographer Mikhail Maksimovich, the poet Stepan Rudansky , the composer Nikolay Lysenko; “Cossacks stood up” were defended by Soviet musicologists Lydia Arkhimovich, Nikolai Gordiychuk, L. Kaufman [11] [12] ; A. Zhelezny [13] [14] .
| Kozacs
| Zasvit rose Kozak
| Kozacs
|
Sources and literature
- Devchina with the legend. Marusya Churai: Pіsni / L.S. Kaufman (order, pgd. Text_at and pislyamova) M. Stelmakh (peredm.). - K.: Prosvita, 2005. - 120s.
- Chemeris V. L. Її called yangolom death: Іst. povisty ; - K .: Ukr. Writer, 1999. - 239 p. ISBN 966-579-029-3 .
- Chemeris V.L Order for Love / V.L. Chemeris. - Kharkiv: Folio, 2010. - 443 p.
Notes
- ↑ Vermenicz I.
- ↑ Chemeris V. L. Її called yangolom death: Іst. povisty - K .: Ukr. Writer, 1999. - p. 204.
- ↑ Ivan LESPSHA, Mikola CHUBUK.
- ↑ A.Gnatishin "Our pіsnya". Збірка пісень: Мелодії with text. Friendly to the “ Union of Visvovennya Ukraine ” 1917
- ↑ Musical Encyclopedia / Yu. V. Keldysh . - Soviet composer; Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973.
- Над first dorakuvana at zbіrtsі "BORISFEN-90" [1]
- ↑ Antonenko T. & O. The specificity of rozkrittya to the image of Marusi Churai at the meeting of V. Chemeris “Send Kozacs”
- ↑ Chemeris V. L. Її called yangolom death: Іst. povisty - K .: Ukr. Writer, 1999. - p. 207.
- ↑ See in the edition of Ioannina and Grünberg, pp. 215 , 231 .
- ↑ P.Grunberg, V.L. Yanin. History of the beginning of recording in Russia. Catalog of vocal recordings of the Russian branch of the company "Gramophone" . - M .: Languages of Slavic culture. - p. 217.
- ↑ Leonid Kaufman. Marusya Churai
- ↑ Leonid Kaufman. Marusya Churai [3]
- ↑ Vasilyk Glinchak. Nehaj Marusya cry? Navcoli odnієї vigadki // Lvivska poshta. - 2010. —7 Serpnya. - No. 86 (971) (inaccessible link)
- ↑ There is also an option “For the world rose Kozac”