Vicente Lombardo Toledano ( Spanish: Vicente Lombardo Toledano ; July 16, 1894, Tesiutlan - November 16, 1968, Mexico City ) is one of the leading workers in the 20th-century Mexican movement, who was called the "Elder of Mexican Marxism " and the "link between Mexico and international socialism." " [3] .
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Biography
Beginning of teaching, trade union and political activities
Lombardo Toledano was born in Tesyutlana, Puebla , in a middle-income family, his parents had Italian and Spanish-Jewish roots. In 1919 he received a law degree from the Faculty of Law of the National Autonomous University of Mexico [4] , and then a master's degree in philosophy. In 1919-1933 he was a professor at NAUM, where he became a member of an informal group known as los siete sabios (seven wise men), while also teaching at the People's University.
He joined the Mexican Labor Party in 1921 and participated in the creation of the teaching union. As the leader of this union, he joined the Regional Confederation of Workers of Mexico (RCTM), the country's largest union and an important pillar of the Plutarcho regimes, Elias Calles and Alvaro Obregon . Lombardo Toledano has become one of the intellectual leaders of the trade union. In 1923 he was interim governor of the state of Puebla ; He was a deputy in the metropolitan federal district from 1924 to 1925 and a deputy to the Mexican Congress from 1926 to 1928. In 1925, while working in the City Council of Mexico City, he chose a date on March 13 to celebrate the 600th anniversary of the foundation of Tenochtitlan .
Confederation of Workers of Mexico and Alliance with President Cardenas
By the end of the 1920s, the trade union confederation, which included Lombardo Toledano, had lost its influence, and he left its supporters in 1932 (like the Labor Party), organizing a number of new national unions, starting with the Purified RCTM. The latter was transformed into the Confederation of Workers (KTM) in 1936, entering into an alliance with the Left Reformed President Lazaro Cardenas and joining his Mexican Revolution Party (PfP) . Lombardo Toledano was Secretary General of KTM from 1936 to 1940. In 1936, he also founded the Workers' University of Mexico.
KTM has become the country's new leading trade union confederation, joining more and more trade unions, starting with the Confederation of Workers Syndicates of the Federal District, whose leadership included Fidel Velazquez Sanchez . Soon, the KTM included trade unions of workers in the railway and oil and gas sectors, whose nationalization she actively supported by the government of Cardenas.
KTM also received the support of the Mexican Communist Party and that of industry-related unions; Lombardo Toledano himself did not join the Communist Party, but supported the Popular Front policy.
In 1938-1963, Lombardo Toledano was chairman of the Confederation of Workers of Latin America; its founding congress was attended by John L. Lewis of the United States Congress of Industrial Unions , while the American Federation of Labor boycotted him. In 1945-1965, Lombardo Toledano was vice chairman of the World Federation of Trade Unions .
In opposition to the government
Cardenas's successor as president, Manuel Avila Camacho , held a more conservative view. He supported the appointment of KTM Fidel Velazquez when Lombardo Toledano decided not to be re-elected in 1941. However, at first the old leader retained his influence in the confederation, supporting the participation of Mexico in the anti-Hitler coalition.
However, soon his paths diverged with the leadership of KTM and the government. Although KTM has been affiliated with the predecessor of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, the Mexican Revolutionary Party since 1938, Lombardo Toledano concluded that under Miguel Aleman Valdez , she moved too right. In 1948, Lombardo Toledano became the founder and ideologist of the People’s Party of Mexico, which in 1960 joined the Marxist-Leninist position and was renamed the Socialist People’s Party . KTM refused to support the new party, and Fidel Velazquez officially expelled Lombardo Toledano from the trade union.
In 1952, he ran for president from the People’s Party of Mexico, but won only 2% of the vote. However, in the 1964 parliamentary elections, the Socialist People's Party was able to hold 10 deputies in parliament, one of whom, before his death, was Lombardo Toledano. He was also a member of the National Peace Committee of Mexico, and since 1950 was a member of the World Peace Council .
Founder of two publications (América Latina and El Popular), author of several works (books, brochures and newspaper articles) on political and social issues.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 BNF identifier : Open Data Platform 2011.
- ↑ 1 2 SNAC - 2010.
- ↑ Barry Carr, "Vicente Lombardo Toledano," in Encyclopedia of Mexico , vol. 1, p. 754.
- ↑ Alisky, Marvin (ed.) (2008) Lombardo Toledano, Vicente (1894-1968) Historical Dictionary of Mexico Scarecrow Press, Lanham, MD, USA, p. 307, ISBN 978-0-8108-5995-1