The rebellion on the Bounty

Breadfruit in Sydney Parkinson's Illustration.

The events around the Bounty ship took place during that historical period, when the British Empire continued to discover and annex new territories into its composition and made significant efforts to expand the existing territories. Thus, Britain tried to compensate for the loss in 1783 of the American colonies . British possessions in the West Indies were territories whose economic prosperity was deemed necessary to strengthen British influence on the American continent . In the XVIII century, there was a certain interdependence between the industrial centers on the American continent - Philadelphia , New York , which supplied flour for the nutrition of slaves in Jamaica , Barbados and from there received rum and sugar , which were exchanged for goods from the UK. With the independence of the United States, this economic relationship collapsed, putting sugar plantation owners in a difficult position who were forced to spend additional funds to provide food for slaves. According to influential planters, who also shared the British government, the introduction of the recently opened bread tree in the West Indian territories should have a positive impact on the economies of these colonies, reduce the cost of sugar production and thus allow Britain to get ahead of its main competitors in the region - France , Spain and the Netherlands . Ever since the time of the first explorers of the Pacific Islands and especially after the journey of James Cook , the beneficial properties of breadfruit, its ability to supply cheap and nutritious food were known ^[1] .

The idea of ​​introducing breadfruit in the West Indies first appeared in 1772 , when the then planter, and later the governor of Saint Vincent, Valentine Morris, proposed to the British government to send an expedition to the Pacific Ocean with the aim of delivering trees from the islands of Oceania to the West Indian colonies . Later, in 1775, the West Indian Committee also supported these proposals, which even offered a reward of £ 100 to the captain who delivered the breadfruit to America. Despite this, no tangible steps were taken in this direction until the appointment of Joseph Banks as president of the Royal Scientific Society . Banks was a well-known naturalist, traveler, scientist and philanthropist who traveled to Oceania himself, tasted breadfruit and shared his thoughts about its benefits and the need for introduction into the American colonies of Great Britain. Among other things, Banks had a purely scientific interest in breadfruit and sought to acquire several seedlings for his greenhouse in London. Using the support and patronage of King George III, Banks began to actively lobby for this project, and in February 1778, Prime Minister William Pitt announced the organization of an expedition by the British government for breadfruit ^[2] .

A few months after the expedition decision was made, the British Admiralty purchased the small ship Betia for this purpose for £ 1,950, renamed it the Bounty, and appointed an experienced captain William Bligh as the head of the future expedition. 33-year-old Lieutenant Bly had considerable experience not only as a captain of merchant ships, military, but also as a navigator on the ships of the famous explorer James Cook and had already visited the Pacific Islands as part of his expedition. In addition, Bly was familiar with Joseph Banks, enjoyed his favor, shared a passion with him for botany , science, and had a talent for mapping new territories. Prior to his appointment as captain, Bly ran ships that traded with the Caribbean and was also supported by influential planters. Having been appointed to lead the expedition, Bly first of all began to prepare the vessel for the expedition: he shortened the mast of the ship, sheathed a wooden hull with copper sheets and began to build special compartments in the hold for transporting breadfruit trees. At the same time, the selection of the crew of the ship began.

When choosing a crew, William Bly was guided by the needs of the expedition and first of all chose gardeners and sailors who were already on such expeditions, in particular as part of the James Cook expedition. In the process of selecting the crew, there were other problems, namely pressure from numerous acquaintances and proteges who tried to arrange the children of aristocrats and nobles for attractive positions in the team of Captain Bly. A place in a successful civilian expedition was to be the first step in the naval career of many young people, and thus a significant number of young and educated nobles, such as Fletcher Christian , Thomas Heyward, and Peter Heywood , appeared in the team as midshipmen and navigators . In particular, Fletcher Christian already served under the leadership of Bligh on the merchant ships of the West Indies, so he was one of the first to be appointed assistant navigator. Except for the unsuccessful choice of an alcoholic doctor , Thomas Haggan, the vast majority of crew members were experienced sailors and specialists and had already served on other ships of the Royal Navy of Great Britain .

Although the crew was experienced and hardworking, there were several potential problems on the ship that were noted not only by Captain Bly, but also by other participants in the events. Thus, the lack of free space, crowding, and a large number of crews were of concern compared with the small size of the ship: 46 crew members had to spend many months of heavy travel on a small ship, and even with additional places reserved for seedlings of breadfruit trees. In addition, there was a lack of military officers to help the captain and military outpost, which the captain could rely on if necessary. All these shortcomings during the preparation of the expedition were considered insignificant and attracted attention only after the rebellion that occurred during the trip ^[3]

Travel

The Bounty trip was postponed several times - at first the Admiralty did not give the order to start the expedition on time, and later, when it was finally received, the weather turned bad and the ship spent several weeks in Portsmouth , trying to go to sea, which they succeeded only on December 23, 1787. Bad weather accompanied the ship for several weeks, and after visiting the Canary Islands , where the crew replenished their supplies, the ship headed for Cape Horn , through which they intended to reach the Pacific Ocean . However, the ship’s long delay in England led the Bounty to be near Cape Horn during the summer season of the southern hemisphere hurricanes , and the transition was much more complicated. After weeks of unsuccessful attempts to cross over to the Pacific Ocean via Cape Horn, Captain William Bly decided to change plan and head east - across the Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the Pacific Ocean. Such a route was much longer, but it allowed to save the ship and the crew, which suffered from bad weather and cold.

As it turned out, during the trip, Captain Bly really cared about his team. He not only kept the ship and crew in perfect cleanliness, but also had a whole arsenal of measures to maintain the health of sailors - especially foods and preparations against scurvy . Bly considered the crew’s health to be one of his main tasks, therefore, in addition to a good diet, he even forced sailors and officers to dance daily to give them the opportunity to move more and maintain good physical condition. At the first opportunity, the ship stopped at the nearest ports: on the Cape of Good Hope, it stopped for 38 days, the ship was repaired and replenished, the crew had the opportunity to rest, and Bly let several midshipmen ashore and even lent Christian some money. Seven weeks later, the Bounty was already off the coast of Tasmania , where the ship again stopped replenishing water. It was here that the first misunderstanding occurred between Captain Bligh and the ship carpenter William Purcell, who was sent from the ship ashore for bickering with the captain. For the entire 10-month journey, only one sailor died of infection, and then due to a doctor’s oversight, he did not start treating the patient on time. As with the rest of the British fleet of the time, strict discipline was observed on the ship. By order of the captain, the guilty sailors were flogged with rods , but during Bligh's voyage the number of punishments was no higher than the average in the Navy, and they did not cause special objections from other team members ^[4] .

Tahiti

On October 26, 1788, the Bounty arrived on the island of Tahiti, where Bly hoped to begin collecting seedlings of breadfruit trees. For the success of the expedition, it was necessary to establish relations with the local population, and especially the leaders. Bly had already visited Tahiti as part of the James Cook expedition; he was well remembered and warmly welcomed there. Using his influence on local leaders, as well as bribes , the captain agreed that the British would set up a camp on the island and begin to collect seedlings. Captain Bly put forward a whole list of requirements for the team regarding the relationship between them and the local population. Among them, in particular, any violence or hostility towards the Tahitians was prohibited and direct trade was prohibited without the participation of a mediator appointed by Blai from the crew. In fact, the crew’s relationship with the islanders quickly became even better than Bly demanded. The Tahitians as a whole were very welcoming to the British, invited many members of the team to the shore and to their own homes.

Tahiti for some time had among the English sailors a reputation as one of the most attractive places in the world. The islands were famous not only for picturesque landscapes, but also for the variety of fauna and flora , pleasant climate . Tahitians in general were very supportive of the British, and Tahitians were famous for their beauty and extremely liberal approach to sexual relations. British sailors often exchanged sexual pleasures for simple nails, and such entertainments did not cause objections not only from Bly, but also from Tahitians, who gladly satisfied all the whims of visitors from England. Frequent visits of seafarers to the coast led to the fact that a week later the first patients with venereal diseases appeared , brought to the island even earlier by European visitors.

A certain number of sailors from the "Bounty", who collected seedlings of breadfruit, remained on the shore in the camp and did not spend the night on the ship. Between these sailors and the Tahitians have developed very close, sometimes even family relations. Some junior officers, such as Fletcher Christian and Peter Heywood, generally lived among the Tahitians, had patrons and women with whom they lived as if they were married . Life in Tahiti was so attractive that three other sailors escaped from the ship and were returned only after Bligh's threats to send a punitive expedition and the help of a local leader. The deserters were flogged with rods and shackled, but freed over time, and the captain even promised not to give them to the tribunal in England, which actually saved their life. Later, there was a suspicion that the team members from the camp on the shore were also going to run away, but Bly, having interrogated Christian and Haywood, did not find confirmation and left everything as it is. Finally, having collected 1015 seedlings of breadfruit, after 23 weeks in Tahiti, on April 5, 1789, the Bounty fulfilled its mission, set sail from the island and began returning to the British Isles . Farewell to Tahiti was especially difficult for a certain part of the crew, as they left close friends and mistresses there ^[5] .

Events

Relations between the captain and some sailors began to deteriorate during the expedition to Tahiti. For bickering with the captain, disobedience and other petty misconduct, Bly repeatedly imposed punishments with rods . Despite this, no serious or even threatening misunderstandings were noted during the expedition. Bly maintained a reputation as a strict, pedantic and effective commander and, with rare punishments with rods, still used harsh and sometimes offensive vocabulary against the guilty. After about three weeks of traveling from Tahiti, disputes began between Bligh and the junior officers, whom he first accused of cowardice during clashes with hostile natives, and later claimed that they had stolen provisions. In particular, the most controversy arose between the captain and his deputy, Fletcher Christian, whom the captain had once brought to tears with his accusations of stealing coconuts and, according to Christian himself, even threatened to flog him with rods. According to Fletcher, all the time the Bounty left Tahiti, he was in hell because of the constant accusations and humiliation from the captain, and on April 27 was going to escape from the ship. Fletcher Christian enjoyed the favor of a large part of the crew and near the island of Tonga , during his shift on April 28, 1789, he conspired with part of the crew, captured Bligh and the ship and ordered the captain to be put into the boat . Somewhat unexpectedly for Christian, a significant part of the crew refused to take part in the rebellion and decided to voluntarily join the captain in the boat. In the boat, designed for several people, in addition to Captain Bly, another 18 people went down; several others who remained supportive of the captain were forcibly kept on the ship and locked in cabins. The landed part of the team received from Christian a small amount of provisions, only for a few days, and the rebel “Bounty” with exclamations: Huzzah for Otaheite! (in Tahiti!) turned east again ^[6] .

Reasons

Ответ на вопрос о причинах мятежа оставался противоречивым много лет. Обозреватели того времени и сами мятежники утверждали, что восстание произошло по вине капитана Уильяма Блая, который своим жестоким поведением вынудил некоторых членов экипажа к мятежу. Эту точку зрения также активно поддерживали многочисленные влиятельные родственники Флетчера Кристиана и Питера Хейвуда . В качестве другой, наиболее распространённой и достаточно экзотичной причины мятежа рассматривали влияние Таити и особенно сладострастных таитянок на моряков. Этой точки зрения придерживался, в частности, сам капитан Блай, который называл причинами мятежа также разврат . Современные исследователи придерживаются мысли, что мятеж на «Баунти» стал результатом нескольких факторов. Безусловно, Уильям Блай обладал вспыльчивым характером, но, например, телесные наказания на корабле применялись значительно реже, чем на других, и его дисциплина на «Баунти» не была чем-то чрезвычайным на британском флоте . За 18 месяцев путешествия наказание розгами получили только 5 членов экипажа, и строгость наказания была меньше чем на других судах британского флота. Приятные воспоминания о пребывании на Таити были соблазнительными, но не могли быть основными причинами мятежа. Наиболее вероятной причиной является совокупность всех этих факторов, а также моральное состояние экипажа и особенно Флетчера Кристиана после многих месяцев морского путешествия.

К тому же, когда Уильям Блай был высажен 28 апреля 1789 года, большинство членов экипажа хорошо осознавало последствия мятежа: по закону смертной казнью карались не только мятежники, но и безразличные и нежелающие противостоять мятежникам. После совершения мятежа у многих моряков другого выбора уже не было, и, высадив капитана и его лоялистов в шлюпку, восставшая команда «Баунти» отправилась искать безопасное место ^[7] . Они нашли пристанище на острове Питкэрн , где (вместе с таитянками) основали колонию, существующую по сей день.

Путешествие капитана Блая

Блая и верных членов экипажа высадили в шлюпку в океане на расстоянии 56 км от ближайшего острова Тофуа . Сначала Блай направился к острову в надежде пополнить провиант и запасы воды, но туземцы на нем оказались чрезвычайно враждебно настроены — в столкновениях с ними погиб один член экипажа, а самому Блаю чудом удалось уйти от преследования. Таким образом, учитывая беззащитность экипажа, было принято решение избегать островов и туземцев совсем и направляться к о. Тимор , где находилась ближайшая нидерландская колония. Вооружённый лишь компасом , квадрантом , секстантом и собственными часами , без морских карт, Блай начал многокилометровое путешествие до Тимора. С присущей ему педантичностью Блай установил ежедневный рацион продовольствия с тем, чтобы его хватило на всё плаванье, однако количество еды было настолько мало, что очень скоро команда начала страдать от недоедания ^[8] .

Путешествие до Тимора длилось 48 дней, и переполненная шлюпка с «Баунти» должна была также преодолевать штормовую погоду, страдала от постоянных дождей, жаркого солнца и постоянного недостатка провианта и пресной воды . Только 5 мая Блай разрешил высадиться на одном из островов Фиджи для пополнения запасов воды. Под конец экспедиции несколько членов экипажа были настолько истощены, что впали в летаргию и, вероятно, умерли бы, если бы шлюпка вовремя не прибыла в нидерландскую колонию на Тиморе 14 июня 1789 года . От голландцев Блаю как представителю королевского флота Великобритании удалось получить кредит и купить на него больший корабль, на котором команда 20 августа 1789 года продолжила путешествие в Батавию (современная Джакарта ). Прибывшим в Батавию 1 октября членам команды уже ничего не угрожало, но многие члены экипажа заболели различными тропическими болезнями. Сразу по прибытию в Батавию заболел малярией Уильям Блай, ещё несколько членов экипажа заболели позже — четверо из них впоследствии скончались от болезней.

Выздоровев от малярии, Блай продал на аукционе шлюпку и начал подготовку к возвращению в Англию. Лишь 16 октября Блаю и ещё двум членам команды удалось купить место на голландском корабле, который шёл сначала в Кейптаун , а затем в Великобританию. Из 18 членов команды, покинувших «Баунти» вместе с капитаном, только 12 вернулись в Англию. Несмотря на то, что Блай оставил большинство членов экипажа в Южной Азии , его прибытие в Лондон стало настоящей сенсацией. Его письма из Батавии ещё до его возвращения попали в Великобританию, но они уже успели вызвать ажиотаж прессы. Журналисты провозгласили его героем, который собственноручно и без карт 6710 км вёл переполненную шлюпку из Тихого океана до первой европейской колонии. По делу мятежа на «Баунти» началось следствие и, несмотря на почти геройский статус, Блай вместе с другими членами экипажа, которые вернулись в Англию, предстал 22 октября 1790 года перед военно-морским трибуналом , который признал его и других членов команды невиновными в потере корабля и поведении во время мятежа ^[9]. A year later, Bligh was appointed the leader of a new expedition for breadfruit - this time he commanded two ships with a significantly larger team and successfully completed the task, without incident transporting breadfruit to the West Indies . The loss of the Bounty and the rebellion in the Royal Navy were considered very serious crimes, and another Pandora warship was sent to the Pacific Ocean to catch and deliver the Bounty rebels to the court in England ^[8] .

Travel of the Rebel Team

Having captured the Bounty on April 28, 1789 , most sailors wanted to return to Tahiti , but they also realized that the British government would certainly respond to the rebellion and begin to search for them. Therefore, at the end of May of that year, the Bounty arrived on the island of Tubuai , which is located 600 km south of Tahiti, where the team intended to settle and establish their own colony . However, due to lack of equipment, provisions, and especially women, the rebel team sailed to Tahiti, where they took livestock , equipment and 8 Tahitian men, 9 women, 7 guys and 1 girl from the local population from friendly Tahitians. Returning to Tubuai, the rebellious sailors built a fort to protect against the natives and several private buildings, but relations between team members soon began to deteriorate. The main reason for the misunderstanding was the lack of women for all men, as well as alcohol abuse , which often caused fights between rebels. Fletcher Christian tried to negotiate with the natives and take the women from them, but they could not establish relations with them, and 2 sailors and about 120 natives were killed in the clashes. On July 5, 1789, the largest fight broke out between the team members, after which an attempt was made to come to terms and conclude a list of articles - rules of conduct. Despite this, not everyone agreed with the articles of the rules, and hostility continued not only between team members, but also with natives who constantly attacked the fort. As a result of constant quarrels, the rebel team split into warring factions: most wanted to return to Tahiti, and nine rebels rallied around Fletcher Christian. Thus, three months after the unsuccessful attempt to establish a colony on the island of Tubuai on September 15, 1789, the rebel Bounty left the fort and returned to Tahiti ^{[10] [11]} .

In Tahiti, the team split up - 9 crew members, led by Fletcher Christian, remained on the ship, and the rest went ashore and settled on the island. Having divided the Bounty property among all crew members, 16 people remained in Tahiti. Their life on the island was mostly peaceful, but two crew members died in wars between themselves and the warring tribes of the natives. The 14 sailors who remained in Tahiti were eventually arrested by the crew of the arriving British ship Pandora on March 23, 1791 , when he arrived on the island with the task of delivering the rebels from the Bounty to trial in England. Meanwhile, Fletcher Christian and his entourage on September 22, 1789 treacherously captured several Tahitians on ships and sailed from Tahiti in search of safe refuge. After months of searching, the Bounty finally stopped on January 15, 1790, off Pitcairn Island . This island seemed most suitable for the rebels - it was deserted, far from known routes, its location was mapped with an error, and also it did not have a suitable landing berth, which protected it from unwanted visitors. Having landed on the island, the rebels burned the Bounty and began to equip their lives there: they built several houses and divided the land into nine parts - for every Englishman. Twelve women and six natives from Tubuai and Tahiti received nothing, which caused their discontent. Moreover, after the death of one of the English women, a woman was taken from the Tahitians, which led to the uprising and murder of two natives. As a result, Tahitian men found themselves in the role of slaves , whom the British mercilessly exploited. On October 3, 1793 , the Tahitians killed five Englishmen along with Fletcher Christian , and then, in turn, were killed by the British and their women. Later in 1797 - 1800, three more British were killed: one as a result of an accident, the other was killed by his comrades, and the third from illness. Thus, on the island of Pitcairn of the former rebels, only John Adams remained, who led the colony, which continued to grow, since there were already several children from English marriages with Tahitians. The fate of the Bounty rebels remained a mystery for many years, only in 1808 did Pitcairn visit an American fishing ship whose crew was surprised when English-speaking natives met them near the island. At that time, John Adams was still alive, but the colony began to manage the son of Christian Fletcher - Thursday October Christian . On about. Pitcairn was left with a settlement called Adamstown in honor of the last Bounty sailor, whose population now consists of the descendants of the rebel ship crew and their Tahitian women ^{[12] [13]} .

Investigation and trial

On November 7, 1790, the Pandora warship, headed by Captain Edward Edwards , was sent to the Pacific Ocean, the purpose of which was to find and deliver to the court in England the rebels from the Bounty. Having overcome Cape Horn , in March 1791, Pandora arrived in Tahiti, where the search for the former sailors of the rebellious ship began. On the same day, three of the former Bounty crew, including Peter Heywood, voluntarily boarded; the next day, four more were arrested ashore. Several rebels tried to hide in the mountains, but they and the remaining 14 former sailors were arrested over the next 10 days. Although there was a former Bounty midshipman on board, Thomas Hayward and Captain Bly confirmed that not all were guilty of rebellion and some were held in by force, Captain Edwards ordered the arrest and shackling of all former Bounty crew members. The arrested sailors were kept on a ship in a separate prison , nicknamed the “Pandora's Box”. Further searches over the course of three months in Tahiti and the nearby islands did not yield any results, since Fletcher Christian and the other rebels were already on Fr. Pitcairn, who bypassed the Pandora, was still on the way to Tahiti . Considering his mission accomplished, Captain Edwards began his return to England, but on August 29, 1791 , crossing the Torres Strait off the northern coast of Australia , the ship ran into reefs and sank the next day, which cost the lives of 31 Pandora crew members and 4 prisoners. Like Bly's previous voyage, the rescued crew and prisoners in boats reached Fr. Timor and subsequently in March 1792 arrived in England ^[14] .

On September 12, 1792, a naval tribunal began over ten rescued rebels from the Bounty. The main issue that the court was supposed to find out was to determine the role of each of the defendants in the rebellion, taking into account the fact that not only rebellion, but also inaction and unwillingness to defend the captain was considered a crime and was punishable by death. During the week, all witnesses were heard, the main ones being those who escaped in a boat with Bligh. The captain himself was absent, as he commanded a second expedition for breadfruit. The main points of the prosecution were: the inaction of some crew members during the rebellion, the reluctance to go down with the captain to the boat and the lack of attempt or even desire among those who remained in Tahiti to return back to England. On September 18, 1792, the verdict of the tribunal was read out, according to which four of the prisoners, whose innocence was confirmed in a letter to William Bly, were acquitted and released. The remaining 6 members of the former Bounty crew were found guilty of engaging in rebellion, criminal inaction and sentenced to death - among them Peter Heywood, the only officer among the arrested sailors. Despite this, two of the convicts, taking into account extenuating circumstances and on the recommendation of the court, petitioned by lawyers and numerous influential relatives, were pardoned by the king. One more was pardoned for his inability to defend himself adequately in court. Three others, by a court verdict on October 29, 1792 , were hanged aboard a ship in Portsmouth harbor. One of the three pardoned rebels was Peter Heywood , who continued his service, made an excellent career in the Royal Navy of Great Britain and later became a captain himself ^[15] .

The history of the Bounty has become one of the most famous in British and world history thanks to the attention that this historical event received in the press, historiography, literature , and theater . According to the researchers, the main reason for such attention to this event was the circumstances of the rebellion and its participants. This event happened at the beginning of the era of romanticism of the 18th century and historical facts were adapted by writers and poets of that time into literary images and events inherent in that time. The events at the Bounty seemed interesting and worthy of attention due to the uncertainty of the exact reasons for the rebellion, the version of events from the point of view of the rebels and especially Fletcher Christian , who appeared in some works as a romantic rebel, a fighter against tyranny. Almost all participants in the events except Christian left memories and explanations of their actions. The lack of substantiation of the reasons for the rebellion by its main participant and leader made it possible for numerous authors to do it for him and present the history of the rebellion from different angles - in different ways, like a rebellion of the disadvantaged and a rebellion of criminals against the legitimate authority of the captain ^[16] .

The first reflection of the events on the Bounty was the book of the captain of the ship, William Bligh, “ The story of the rebellion on the ship of His Majesty“ Bounty “and the further journey of part of the crew in the boat of the ship from about. Tofoa, parts of the Friendly Islands to about. Timor and parts of the Dutch settlements in the East Indies . " The Story was a processing of Bly's private notes and memoirs and appeared in print as early as the second month after the captain returned to England. This book is about the adventures of British sailors in Tahiti and the role of Tahitians in the temptation of the team has become a real bestseller . On the basis of this book, in May 1790, a play was staged in London : “Pirates, or Captain Bligh’s Misfortunes,” where the story of the Bounty first acquired romantic and adventure features. Numerous newspapers and magazines began to replicate this story, often with fictional and romantically distorted circumstances. A serious study of the history of the rebellion began after the tribunal of 1792 , when documentary evidence of other participants in the events appeared. Over the next two centuries, the history of the Bounty is reflected in more than 2,000 articles, novels, poems, and films. The poets Byron , Wadsworth and Coleridge dedicated poems and poems to this event; about the Bounty there were also novels by such famous writers as Mark Twain and Jules Verne :

• Mark Twain . The Great Revolution at Pitcairn. (The Great Revolution In Pitcairn ( 1879 )
• Jules Verne . " Rebels from the Bounty. " (Les revoltes de la Bounty) ( 1879 )
• George Byron

"The island, or Christians and his comrades." (The Island, or Christian and His Comrades ( 1823 )

• William Wadsworth . "Residents of the borderland." (The Borderers) ( 1795 )
• Mary Mitford . "Christina, a girl of the southern seas." (Christina, the Maid of the south Seas) ( 1811 )
• Samuel Coleridge . "The Legend of the Old Sailor ." (The Rime of the Ancient Marinere ( 1798 )
• Robert Merle . "The Island." (L'ile)  ( 1962 )
• John Boyne Mutiny on the Bounty (2008)

"Bounty" in the movie

In the XX century , several films appeared about the events at the "Bounty" with the participation of famous artists and directors:

• " The Mutiny of the Bounty " / (1916) Australia .
• "In the wake of the Bounty" / (1933) Australia.
• “ Rebellion on the Bounty ” (1935) - with the participation of Clark Gable in the role of Christian Fletcher, he received the Oscar as the best film of the year.
• “ The rebellion on the Bounty ” (1962) - another famous American actor, Marlon Brando , also played the role of Christian. The 1962 film was considered one of the best cinematic realizations. , but had several factual errors and exaggerations.
• “ Bounty ” (1984) - with the participation of Anthony Hopkins in the role of Captain Bly and Mel Gibson in the role of Fletcher Christian. This film adaptation is considered the most historically reliable, and the image of William Bligh, played by Hopkins, did not, in contrast to other film adaptations, have purely negative characteristics
• “ The Island ” / (1987) - dir. Francois Leterrier , film adaptation of the novel of the same name by the French writer Robert Merle , which tells of the above events.

• Bounty
• Batavia (ship, 1628)

• Caroline Alexander: The Bounty: The True Story of the Mutiny on the Bounty . Viking Penguin. London 2003, ISBN 3-8270-0163-3 .
• William Bligh, "The Bounty Mutiny: Captain William Bligh's Firsthand Account of the Last Voyage of HMS Bounty." St Petersburg, Florida, Red and Black Publishers, 2008, ISBN 978-1-934941-06-5

• Uprising on the ship "Bounty". A selection of documents (English)
• Russian project BAUNTI - PITKERN (rus.)
• Fatal Journey The Story of the Bounty Rebellion