The Battle of Trosno (1368) - the battle on the Trosna River between the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania led by Prince Olgerd and the guard detachment of the Grand Duchy of Moscow . The battle took place on Tuesday November 21, 1368 (some sources mistakenly indicate the date of December 21).
Content
Eve
In 1364, Vsevolod and Semyon Konstantinovich died of the plague, bequeathed their inheritance to the White Town of Mikhail Alexandrovich, which caused dissatisfaction with Yeremey Konstantinovich . Metropolitan Alexy entrusted the case to Tver Bishop Vasily , and in 1366 he decided the case in favor of Mikhail, for which he was called to Moscow and underwent a great protor there . In 1367 , Mikhail went for support to Lithuania , to Prince Olgerd .
Taking advantage of the absence of Mikhail Alexandrovich, Vasily Mikhailovich and Yeremey made a trip to Mikulin. However, Mikhail returned from Olgerd with Lithuanian help, captured the wives of Vasily and Yeremey, many of their boyars, in Tver, approached Kashin, where Vasily was. But on the way, in the village of Andreevsky, ambassadors from his uncle and Tver Bishop Vasily were waiting for him. They convinced Michael to make peace with Basil and Jeremiah, kissing the cross. Vasily Mikhailovich had to leave Tver to his nephew, contented only with Kashin.
In 1368, Dorogobuzh Prince Yeremey Konstantinovich came to Moscow with a demand to distribute the inheritance of the Tver Principality . Grand Duke Dmitry and Metropolitan Alexei invited Mikhail to Moscow for arbitration, guaranteeing him security. However, after the trial, Prince Mikhail Alexandrovich and his boyars were captured. The unexpected arrival of the Horde ambassadors in Moscow frightened Dmitry Ivanovich . Taking the oath of "being content and not complaining," he freed Michael. In addition, under pressure from the Grand Duke, he was supposed to cede to Prince Yeremey the White Town, where he went with the Moscow governor.
In 1368, Tver Prince Vasily Mikhailovich died and Mikhail Alexandrovich became the sovereign ruler of the Grand Duchy of Tver . Under the pretext of protecting the son of Vasily Mikhail , Dmitry Donskoy sent troops to the Principality of Tver. Michael fled to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , where he again turned for help to his sister's husband Olgerd . Having managed to secretly carry out all preparations for the campaign, the Lithuanian prince moved to Moscow (according to Moscow chronicles “the first Lithuanian region ” ).
The Lithuanian army won the first victory over Prince Semen Dmitrievich Starodubsky Nettle on the Hovhol River (the left tributary of the Protva).
The unexpected appearance of the troops of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania "in power" from the south-west caught the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry and his allies by surprise. Dmitry Ivanovich had only time to send a watchdog regiment , consisting of Muscovites, Kolomians and Dmitrovites, under the command of governor Dmitry Minin and Akinf Shuba.
Battle Progress
On November 21, 1368, the Lithuanian army met the “outpost” of the Moscow watchdog regiment on the Trosna River , a tributary of the Oka River (according to A. Belom - the left tributary of the Nara River, according to A. P. Shirokorad - a tributary of the Ruza River). The heavy Lithuanian cavalry smashed to smithereens the light, poorly armed cavalry of the Principality of Moscow . All princes, boyars and governors perished, many warriors drowned in Trosno.
Summary
The victory in the Battle of Trosno opened Olgerda the way to Moscow . On the way, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Olgerd captured the city of Obolensk, while Obolensky Prince Konstantin died. Prince Dmitry of Moscow, together with the Metropolitan, the boyars and his cousin Vladimir Andreyevich, locked himself in the Kremlin. Three days stood the Lithuanian army near the Kremlin , built in 1366 - 1368 . made of white stone. They didn’t take the Kremlin, but devastated the neighborhood, took many prisoners and cattle. Olgerd lifted the siege, having received news of the attack on Lithuania by the Livonian knights. The Lithuanian army went west, ruining everything in its path. Taking advantage of the absence of the main Lithuanian forces, the Moscow forces led by Vladimir Andreevich conducted retaliatory raids into the Smolensk and Bryansk lands.
Dmitry Ivanovich was forced to return White Town to Prince Mikhail of Tver .
Sources
- PSRL. T. 15, 1. Pg., 1922. stb. 88 .; T. 25. M.-L., 1949. S. 185; T. 28.M.-L., 1965. S.75, 237.
Literature
- Bely A. Trosnenskaya battle 1368 // Vyalikae of the Principality of Lithuania: Encyclapedia. At 3 t. - T. 2: Kadetsky corps - Yatskevich. - Mn. : BelEn, 2006 .-- S. 668.