Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary - the church of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Maly Mishkin farm of the Aksay district of the Rostov region. Belongs to the Rostov and Novocherkassk diocese, Aksai deanery of the Russian Orthodox Church. The church building is a regional monument of architecture and history.
Orthodox church | |
Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary | |
---|---|
A country | Russia |
Farm Small Mishkin. Aksaysky district, Rostov region | |
Denomination | Orthodoxy |
Architectural style | Eclecticism |
Project Author | Ivan Osipovich Valprede |
Building | 1856 - 1865 years |
Status | An object of cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation of regional significance. Reg. No. 611610444760025 ( EGROKN ). (Wikigid database) |
condition | acting |
The address of the temple: 346728, Rostov region, Aksaysky district, Maly Mishkin farm.
History
At the beginning of the XIX century, 2.5 km from the city of Novocherkassk, next to the Maly Mishkin farm, the Platov family estate was located - the Mishkinsky suburban courtyard, the Platov cottage. In the middle of the XVIII century, in a picturesque area near the Aksai mountains, he received a cottage, that is, a land allotment, military foreman Ivan Fedorovich Platov. Here he set up his country courtyard. After the death of I.F. Platov’s dacha and a country courtyard passed to his son Matvey Ivanovich Platov, the future count, Ataman of the Don Army, and then to his grandson Ivan Matveevich and great-granddaughter Marfa Ivanovna (in marriage, Princess Golitsina).
At the end of 1817, the ataman of the Don Army, Matvey Ivanovich Platov, because of his illness, spent almost all of his time in his country house. In December 1817, he moved to the Elanchik estate near Taganrog, where he died on January 3, 1818. The coffin with his body was transported to the Mishkinsky country house, and then to Novocherkassk, where he was buried there in a generic Platov crypt near the stone building of the Ascension Cathedral under construction. In the 30s of the XIX century, a monument-tombstone to M.I. Platov was erected by the St. Petersburg sculptor I.P. Martos .
The son of the chieftain, Ivan Matveevich, became the owner of the Mishkinsky summer residence. In 1825, the cottage was visited by Emperor Alexander I.
Later, ataman’s granddaughter, Marfa Ivanovna, lived at the Mishkinsk cottage. In 1849, Princess Marfa Ivanovna Golitsina petitioned the Archbishop John of Don and Novocherkassk John to build a new church in the farm, since she and the inhabitants of the farm were far from getting to the Ascension Cathedral in Novocherkassk. Permission to build the temple was given.
The new temple was built by the architect I.O. Valpredo at the Aksay River from 1855 to 1865. The temple was consecrated in the name of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1865, the priest John Yastrebov and the sexton Vasily Popov made an inventory of the temple, writing the following: “The Nativity of the Theotokos Church is stone, with a marble floor in the altar half and painted from the throne to the High Place marbled; it is plastered inside, outside it is covered with oil yellow and white paint at the corners, covered with iron painted with green paint. There is a cellar under the church ... Around the church is a wooden, yellow painted trellis fence and a stone guardhouse. ”
A crypt was made in the basement of the church, in which Ivan Matveevich Platov planned to transfer the remains of his parents and other family members, who were buried in Novocherkassk in a family crypt near the stone Ascension Cathedral under construction. The temple under construction collapsed twice, as suggested because of the loose soil, and there were thoughts of moving the construction to another place, while the Platov family crypt would remain in the untidy park near the Cathedral. In 1868, Ivan Matveyevich asked the Troop Punched Ataman, Lieutenant General M.I. Chertkov, to petition the Archbishop of Donskoy and Novocherkassk Plato for the reburial of his relatives and reported on the donation of the Mishkinsk cottage and the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin to the Don Bishop's House. He received permission to reburial, but was in no hurry to carry out his plan. In 1874, he died himself, was buried in the crypt of the new Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Since then, the Mishka cottage was called the Bishop's cottage.
In April 1875, the remains of the ataman M.I. Platov and members of his family were buried in the tomb of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary at the Bishop's Dacha. From the place of his first burial near the stone cathedral under construction in Novocherkassk, a tombstone monument was also transferred to Ataman M. I. Platov [1] . In the photograph of 1936, one can see a broken monument by I. Martos with the head of the chieftain chopped off.
The remains of M. I. Platov were in the tomb of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary until 1911, after which, due to the centenary of the Patriotic War of 1812, they were again transferred to Novocherkassk already in the tomb of the Ascension Cathedral , completed in 1905 [2] .
All the years of the proximity of the Cossack farm Maly Mishkin with the Platovskoye backyard, and then with the Bishop's dacha, they were separated by a high fence. In the early 1920s, the Bishop's courtyard with buildings was attached to the Maly Mishkin farm. The Christmas Church was used as a utility room.
Towards the end of the 20th century, ruins remained from the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and the tomb of the Platov family was also destroyed and desecrated. In the 1970s, the local leadership decided to demolish everything, but the destruction was stopped by the efforts of local historians. The Aksai district executive committee No. 71 of February 21, 1973 decided to take the temple to state protection, and consider it a monument of architecture and local history.
Memorial plaques with the texts were installed on the front of the church: “Here in 1818 the ataman of the Donskoy Army, the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812 Matvey Ivanovich Platov was buried” (with an erroneous indication of the place of the initial burial of M.I. Platov, it was actually ancestral crypt on the square near the Ascension Cathedral under construction in Novocherkassk) and “In the Maly Mishkin farm in the summer of 1942 an unknown Red Army man was shot by Nazis who sacrificed his life to the local population”, as well as a bas-relief on copper sheet, dedicated enny feat of the unknown soldier. However, the monument was not protected. The church and the tomb continued to be destroyed. I even had to move the plaques to the building of the first-aid post in the center of the farm.
In 1981, the Aksai district executive committee decided to restore the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, since the chapels had collapsed on it, and vaulted coverings had failed. After the restoration work was completed, it was planned to establish in the church a branch of the Museum of the History of the Don Cossacks "Don Cossacks in the Patriotic War of 1812." In the same year, a group of architects was engaged in the measurement of the temple to determine the cost of work by the Rostov design workshop of the Special Project Restoration Institute. But there was no money for the necessary repairs.
In the summer of 1994, Cossacks, farmers, employees of the Aksai Museum took up the matter. They cleared the area around the church, the cemetery located behind the temple, took out the garbage from the tomb. In the fall of that year, employees of the Aksay Museum Yu.N. Zorov, I.V. Solomakha and G. B. Chernyak began to prepare the tomb for restoration. In the darkness and cold, one and a half meter layer of earth had to be thrown out of sarcophagi. Buttons, pieces of upholstery of coffins, inlaid nails came across. Each sarcophagus has one or two bones. In the same year, funding for work ceased and it was suspended. All finds were deposited with the ataman Kolomyytsev. But he soon died. The fate of the finds in the sarcophagi is not known. [3]
In the early 2000s, they again began to rebuild the temple. In 2007, the Rostov organization "Stroyindustriya" carried out the restoration of the temple and landscaping, and in 2008 the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Small Mishkin was restored.
The first service after restoration was held on June 28, 2009.
The feast day of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is September 21.
Ancestral Tomb of Platov
When reconstructing the memorial church, the necropolis of the temple and the clan tomb of Platovs, located in the basement, were not examined. The survey was left to posterity, and the basement was simply flooded with concrete.
The tomb of the Platov clan can be said to be destroyed. Not only were the remains not found and not buried, but the graves were concreted and tiled.
In the tomb of the Christmas Church "... for eternal remembrance in this church" Matvey Ivanovich Platov (until 1911) and his wife Marfa Dmitrievna (1760-1812) their daughter Marfa Matveevna Ilovaiskaya (1786-?) And Alexander (1791-) were buried ?), sons Matvey Matveyevich (1793-1815) and Ivan Matveyevich (1795-1874), great-grandson Infant Golitsyn, Matvey Matveyevich (1837-1888) and Ivan Matveyevich (1831-1897), grandchildren of Ivan's son from his first marriage, Archbishop Donskoy and Novocherkassk Mitrofan (? - 1887). [4] [3]
The Christmas Church is also the resting place of the sons of M.I. Platova. Matvey Matveyevich Platov is a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Overseas Campaign of 1813-1814. He was awarded the orders of St. George IV degree, St. Anna II degree with diamonds, St. Vladimir II degree with a bow. For differences in the battles of Cézan, Fer-Champenoise and Arcy in 1814 he was promoted to major general.
Ivan Matveevich - a participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812. During the Patriotic War of 1812 he distinguished himself in the battles of Grodno on June 17, 1812, at the village of Mir on June 27-28, 1812, near Smolensk on August 6-7, 1812, at Dorogobuzh on August 12, 1812, at Borodino 26 August 1812, at Maloyaroslavets - October 13-14, 1812. He was in the troops besieging Danzig from January 7 to 26, 1813. He was awarded the orders of St. Vladimir III degree, St. Anna II degree with diamonds. Cavalier of the French Order of the Legion of Honor. Dismissed with the rank of colonel on December 16, 1820. Known for his charity. When equipped with Cossacks, he gave from 50 to 60 horses for service. Don Donor House donated his country estate.
The current temple should not lose its memorial significance. Memorial plaques in memory of the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, ataman M.I.Platov, his sons, Major General Matvey Matveyevich and military foreman Ivan Matveevich, whose deeds in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaign of 1813-1814, should be installed on the temple. were awarded with high awards.
Architecture
The architectural and planning structure of the church building was executed by a longitudinal-axial plan with an altar, temple, refectory and bell tower symmetrically located along the east-west axis.
The core of the temple with the altar is close to the square. The rectangular plan of the altar and the refectory is associated with the desire of architects to create a compact and artistically neutral pedestal for the high-rise elements of the temple and bell tower.
The quadrangle of the core of the temple is crowned with a five dome. The volume of the church is simple and concise, completed by helmet-shaped chapters and arched kokoshniks at the base of the drums. Its tent with a small onion cupola on the bell tower is supplemented on the northern, southern and western facades with tambours and the entrance to the basement. The bell tower of the temple consists of two four-tier tiers.
The architectural and artistic appearance of the Church of the Nativity of the Theotokos was shaped by its brick decoration, which includes paired rusticated shovels, the quadrangle of the temple core, single bell towers and aspids, rectangular recesses of arches and arcuate kokoshniks, profiled archivolts of built and double semicircular window openings, cornice with. The double-leaf doors to the temple entrance were upholstered in iron and painted green, the metal bars on the windows were painted brown. The heads of the church and bell tower were covered with sheet metal and painted green.
The main element of the design of the church facades is rustication, giving the facades the appearance of significance. The complex decor of the temple is made by fractures of the facade surface, characteristic of the eclectic style.
Currently, the temple has gilded domes, a brown roof, wooden doors. Surrounded by a brick fence with metal accents.
Clergy
Administrative and spiritual feeding of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the farm Maly Mishkin, with the blessing of the Archbishop of Rostov and Novocherkassk Panteleimon, is conducted by a clergyman of the church of Alexander Nevsky in Novocherkassk, Priest Mikhail Gaponenko.
Notes
- ↑ G.I. VZDORNOV. Sad monuments and their fate . www.nasledie-rus.ru. Date of treatment July 28, 2019.
- ↑ History of the parish. Don Orthodox.
- ↑ 1 2 N.I. Bunina, L.A. Stavdaker. What will happen to the family tomb? // Don temporary. - 2008 .-- S. 156-158 .
- ↑ On the land of M.I. Platov . www.cbs-novoch.ru. Date of treatment July 28, 2019.