Kickball is a baseball -like game invented in the USA in the first half of the 20th century. As in baseball, one team tries to win, while its players return the ball from base to field (and then around the base), while the other team tries to stop them, marking them “out” with the ball before they can return to home base. Instead of hammering a small hard ball with a bat, players kick a large inflated rubber ball, which makes it more accessible for young children. As in baseball, the game is divided into periods - “innings”, where the serving and defending teams change places. The team with the most runs after a given number of innings wins.
Kickball is a popular team game for sports grounds in the USA, mainly among young people and school-age children. The lack of specialized equipment and highly skilled positions (such as a pitcher) makes the game an affordable introduction to other sports. It is less popular among adults who prefer similar games, such as softball and baseball.
"The game seems to bring equal joy to the children, gives a better understanding of national games (Baseball), and at the same time gives them exercises that are not too cruel and full of fun." [one]
Content
History
Kickball, originally called “Kicking Baseball,” was invented back in 1917 by Nikolai Seuss, Playground Manager for the Cincinnati Park in Cincinnati , Ohio. [2] Seuss presented his first documented review of the game, which included 12 rules, and the field layout in The Playground Book , published in 1917. In this book, the game is called "kicking baseball" [3] .
In the 1920-1921 area, "kickball" was used by physical education teachers in public schools to teach boys and girls the basics of baseball. At this time, a soccer or volleyball was used. The game was attended by ten to thirty players on the field, including the "neutral zone", which does not enter until the ball is kicked. There was no pitcher since the ball was supposed to knock out of the home zone, a 3-foot circle. The ball must pass over a 5-foot line. Teams should change places only after all team members have served [4]
At this time, kickball was played on the same baseball field, except that there was only one base, corresponding to the second place of the baseball field. There could be several players at the base, but everything had to be managed to get home before the last pitch, and the pitch was maintained [5] .
There were also two short stop positions for the player: one between 1 and 2, and between the 2nd and 3rd. The home area was marked on the ground with a 3 by 4 foot rectangle. [6] .
In a April 1922 publication, Daniel Chase, director of physical education for the New York State Department of Education, describes the earliest known records of adults playing kickball. This game took place at a rural teachers' conference in Mooers Forks, Clinton County, New York, where Daniel taught games that teachers should teach their students. They didn’t have a ball, so they made it from an old stocking and rags. The ball was about 7 to 8 inches long and tied with an old lace. The creation of this makeshift ball was demonstrated to rural teachers by Mr. Braddock Welts. Teachers were assigned numbers to create a team; odd numbers for one team and even numbers for another. Team captains chose a college to represent each team's name. Odd chose Yale, and even Princeton. The Kicking Baseball game was the last game at the conference to select the champion of the day. For each team, 10 players were taken, and the rest were gathered in support groups. Yale hit first. There was no pitcher on the field, but there were very short stops between the first and second. Only three rounds were completed in the heat that day, with Yale ending up winning 3 to 2 as Victor. Support groups showed excellent sportsmanship, impartially applauding everyone who plays well [7] .
Ernie Pyle, an American correspondent for World War II, reported on the game of US soldiers during the Tunisian company in 1942-1943 [8] .
Kickball was nominated as an informal game for soldiers by the US Army Department in early 1943. In this version of the game, all hits must be run, kicking the ball back into the house after successive passes to all bases before throwing them in the house [9]
Field
The game, as a rule, is on a softball court with an inflated rubber ball from 8.5 to 16 inches in diameter. Like baseball / softball, the game uses 3 bases, a pitcher slide, and a home area. Sometimes, in a less formal game, the field is not limited to a fence, as in softball or baseball, but is open. while the rules are adjusted to adapt to the site. You can also play on a rectangular asphalt square, drawn with chalk or paint.
Popularity
In the United States, kickball was in the past considered primarily a children's game, although adult kickball leagues have appeared in many US cities. The game gained fame in the 1970s [10] .
Outside the US, kickball is popular with young people in South Korea . Known as balyagu [발야구 (foot baseball)], is the main element in PE classes in elementary school. Kickball is known in some parts of Canada as Soccer Baseball or California Kickball. In Japan , elementary school students play kickball, a game called キ ッ ク ベ ー ス (Kickbase) [11] . In England, physical education classes in schools often use a similar game called Football-Lapta, a mixture of football and bast shoes [12] . Kickball is the most popular game among women in Liberia, where it is often called "African baseball" [13] .
In Culture
In the animated series “ Phineas and Ferb, ” kickball is a game in which success is important for the self-realization of the main anti-hero, the evil scientist Heinz Fufelshmertts .
In the animated series "We are ordinary bears" (We bare bears)? in series 35 season 3, two teams of young rangers play kickball. The similarities to baseball are clearly visible.
See also
- Baseball
Notes
- ↑ Play, Comprising Games for the Kindergarten, Playground, Schoolroom and College . - Little, Brown, 1920. - P. 71–72.
- ↑ The Playground . - Playground and Recreation Association of America, 1969. - P. 240.
- ↑ The Playground Book . - Cincinnati Board of Education (Ohio), Cincinnati (Ohio). Board of Park Commissioners, 1917. - P. 82–83.
- ↑ Mind and Body - A Monthly Journal devoted to Phycical Education Vol 27 . - The Mind and Body Publishing Company, 1921. - P. 205–206.
- ↑ University of the State of New York Bulletin, Issue 724 . - fortnightly, 1920. - P. 131–132.
- ↑ School, Church, and Home Games . - Association Press, 1922. - P. 41.
- ↑ The Instructor, Volume 31 . - FA Owen Publishing Company, 1922. - P. 26.
- ↑ Here Is Your War; Story of GI Joe . - H. Holt, New York, 1943. - P. 28. - ISBN 9780803287778 .
- ↑ Informal games for soldiers . - US government printing office, 1943. - P. 6.
- ↑ Parker, Suzi . The Zombies and Non-Prophets of Little Rock (August 25, 2013). Date of treatment August 25, 2013.
- ↑ 21 kick Baseball . Toyama Prefectural Board of Education. Date of treatment November 14, 2013.
- ↑ secondary Intra-school / Level 1 Resource . Your school games . Date of treatment February 15, 2016.
- ↑ Liberian kickball
External links
- Parker, Ashley . Getting a Kick Out of Kickball , The New York Times (September 15, 2006). Archived November 26, 2006. Date of treatment September 29, 2006.
- Skipp, Catharine . Trends: All for the Love of the Game , Newsweek (August 21, 2006). Date of treatment March 19, 2007.
- Beja, Marc . Still Kicking , Washington Square News (February 5, 2008). Date of treatment October 16, 2008.
- Whirty, Ryan . Follow the red bouncing ball , CITY Newspaper (July 29, 2009). Date of treatment January 2, 2012.