Landing (French descente - descent) [1] , the term in the military affairs of Russia has the following meanings:
- troops (forces) intended for landing (ejection) from carriers to perform certain tasks;
- landing (ejection) of a battle group from a vehicle onto the territory occupied by the enemy to inflict a “dagger” strike in order to bypass fortifications ;
- the name of the operation, which consists in the landing (ejection) of troops (forces);
- colloquial name of the Airborne Forces of Russia .
Content
History
The first airborne landing was carried out by the Red Army during the Civil War in Central Asia . [ specify ]
While the landing of troops from ships ( ships ) has been known for thousands of years, tactics such as tank landing or airborne landing have been used since the Second World War .
In the postwar period began the development of airborne armored vehicles .
The 5th Panjshir operation in May-June 1982, during which the first landing in Afghanistan was carried out for the first time, should be considered the most massive landing (airborne operation) in the USSR Armed Forces in the period after the Great Patriotic War : the first three days, over 4,000 people were landed from helicopters . In total, about 12,000 military personnel of various military branches took part in this operation. The operation took place simultaneously all 120 km deep into the gorge. As a result, most of the Panjshir Gorge was taken under control.
In the modern tactical doctrine of the United States , landing is often understood as the so-called doctrine of “air mobility” [2] , when troops move by helicopter (and not along roads where the enemy can ambush ).
Views
By management : [3]
- strategic;
- operational;
- tactical.
By tasks :
- intelligence;
- diversionary;
- reconnaissance and sabotage;
- constraining;
- distracting.
On Wednesdays :
- land landing ;
- tank landing - conducting joint military operations by tank and rifle divisions when tanks carry infantry on armor; showed the successful combination of a powerful armored strike with the support of the attached Red Army infantry. Tank landings were used in the capture of settlements, the assault on fortified areas and the conduct of offensive battles and operations.
- airborne landing ;
- aircraft landing;
- glider landing;
- helicopter landing;
- amphibious landing [3] ;
- combined landing.
Naval landing
A sea landing may consist of both the Marine Corps and motorized rifle , tank and artillery formations landed from sea transport .
On the scale of the tasks performed, amphibious assault can be strategic, operational, tactical and special purpose [4]
As a means of delivery of amphibious assault can be both landing ships and civilian vessels used for military purposes (mainly Ro-ro type ships). As means of landing can be used boats , landing darts , hovercraft , amphibious tanks , armored personnel carriers , infantry fighting vehicles , BMD .
Marine Corps (MP) - a type of force designed to participate in naval landing operations and use as shock troops in other types of military operations [3] .
It seems that the landing on the Malaya Zemlya and the battles on it can serve as an example of military art . We carefully selected people, specially prepared them. Assault teams trained at the Thin Cape in Gelendzhik , taught them to jump into the water with machine guns, climb rocks, throw grenades from uncomfortable positions. The fighters mastered all types of captured weapons, learned how to throw knives and beat with butts, bandage wounds and stop blood. They memorized conditional signals, got used to blindfolding automatic rims, blindfolds, and from the sound of gunfire to determine where the fire was being fired from. Without this training, a daring landing and especially the very first night battle were unthinkable - everything had to be done in the dark, to the touch.
- L. I. Brezhnev , Small land [5]
Known Operations
- Mongol invasions of Japan (1274 and 1281)
- Invincible Armada (1588)
- Peterhof landing (1941)
- Grigoryevsky landing (1941)
- Evpatoria landing (1942)
- Moroccan-Algerian operation (1942)
- Sicilian operation (1943)
- Landing in Italy (1943)
- Landing in Normandy (1944)
Airborne landing
The Airborne Troops (VDV) is a highly mobile military branch designed to cover the enemy in the air and conduct combat and sabotage operations in its rear. [3]
- Military glider (used during the Second World War)
- Air assault helicopter
- for airborne landing, BMDs are used ( airborne assault vehicle or airborne assault vehicle) - caterpillar combat vehicles, airborne landing by parachute , parachute-reactive or landing method.
Known Operations
- Troopers at Fort Eben-Emael (1940)
- Cretan operation (1941)
- Operation Market Garden (1944)
- Vyazemsky airborne operation (1942)
In cultural works
- Kh / f Desant (2000, Kazakhstan)
- HF 9 company (2005, Russia)
In computer games
- Medal of Honor: Airborne is completely dedicated to the US Airborne Troops during World War II.
Gallery
Tank landing on the stamp of the USSR , 1943
Tank BT-7 with a tank landing.
T-26 with a landing near Rostov first military winter, photo by I. A. Ozersky
Troopers ( Operation Husky ) in Sicily, 1943
Landing in Normandy , 1944
Operation Market Garden , 1944
Large landing ship ( BDK ) Yamal of the Navy of the USSR .
The teachings of paratroopers of the US Army , North Carolina .
See also
- Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces)
- Airborne units of the Border Troops (DSHMG)
- Motorized maneuver group of the Border Troops of Russia
- Airborne units of the Russian Navy
- Landing ship
- Airborne combat vehicle (BMD)
- Over-the-air landing
- Bell v-22 osprey
- Efv
Notes
- ↑ Landing in dictionaries.
- ↑ en: Hamilton H. Howze # Air Mobile , en: Air assault
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Great Soviet Encyclopedia (TSB), Third Edition, issued by the Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House in 1969 - 1978 in 30 volumes
- ↑ Marine landing
- ↑ L. I. Brezhnev, “Memoirs,” Moscow: Politizdat, 1982.
Literature
- The Great Soviet Encyclopedia (TSB), Third Edition, issued by the Soviet Encyclopedia Publishing House in 30 volumes, 1969-1978;
- Landing // Civil War in the United States - Yokota / [under the total. ed. N.V. Ogarkova ]. - M .: Military Publishing House of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR , 1979. - ( Soviet Military Encyclopedia : [in 8 vols.]; 1976-1980, vol. 3). ;
- “The Soviet Armed Forces are 60 years old” (Accompanying text, part two), N. I. Kobrin, B. P. Frolov, M. , “ Knowledge ” Publishing House, 1978 , 32 pp.;
- L. I. Brezhnev , “Memoirs,” Moscow: Politizdat , 1982 .
- Military Encyclopedic Dictionary (WEC), Moscow , VI, 1984 , 863 pages with illustrations (ill.), 30 sheets (ill.);
- Edited by: V.A. Zolotaryov, V.V. Marushchenko, S. S. Avtushina. In the Name of Russia: Russian state , army and military education. - M .: "Rus-RKB", 1999. - S. 336 + incl .. - ISBN 5-86273-020-6 .
Links
- Troopers // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Ship landing // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 vol.] / Ed. V.F. Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-va I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.