Zmachinsky, Emil Vikentyevich

He graduated from the Minsk Gymnasium ( 1904 ), the chemical department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Yuriev University ( 1914 ), and the Higher Pedagogical Courses in the Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Cosmography in Yuriev ( 1915 ).

He defended his thesis on "On the linear crystallization rate of benzene-ortho-carboxylic acid esters, Ph.D. ( 1915 ).

In 1915, he began working as a chemist at the Military Industrial Committee ( Moscow ), at the Higher Technical School in the laboratory of Professor A. E. Chichibabin . In the 1916/1917 academic year, he was engaged in the construction and management of the chlorocyanine branch and the production of zinc sulfate at the experimental plant of the Military Chemical Committee in Leningrad .

Since 1915 he taught chemistry at the Saratov State Agricultural Institute (with a break in 1916 - 1917 , when he worked in Petrograd ).

In 1925 - 1928 - creator, first head. Department, Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology of the Chemical-Pharmaceutical Department of the Medical Faculty of Perm University ; at the same time - head. Department of Organic Chemistry ( 1926 - 1927 ) University ^{[1] [2]} . He resigned from Perm University on October 15, 1928 in connection with his transfer to Belarusian University . One of the reasons for leaving Perm was an exacerbation of the tuberculosis process in the Ural climate unsuitable for his health ^[3] .

At the Belarusian University, he headed the department of general and inorganic chemistry ( 1928 - 1937 ). He was the creator and first dean of the University’s Faculty of Chemistry ( 1931 , then he was replaced by the famous chemist N. A. Prilezhaev ); later again he was dean of the Faculty of Chemistry ( 1934 - 1936 ) ^[4] .

On April 8, 1938, he was arrested on a false denunciation of the NKVD in the Saratov Region , convicted on September 17, 1939 by the OS of the NKVD of the USSR on charges of espionage and sabotage (sentence: 5 years). May 24, 1957 posthumously rehabilitated by the military tribunal of the Volga Military District ^{[5] [6]} .

In 1917-1918 he was an artillery receiver and consultant of the Main Artillery Directorate, was engaged in the design and construction of a potassium cyanide plant in the city of Saratov . In 1918-1919, he was the head of the chemical department of the GSNH, participated in the construction of distillation units at the Saratov yeast plants. In 1920–1921, he was a member of the production and technical commission under the Saratov State Forestry Research Institute; in 1921–22, he was the head. Gubkhimprom Gosnkh and managing director of the association "Chemical Plants" founded by him, was engaged in the restoration of inactive chemical plants, the construction of a oil shale distillation plant and the production of ichthyol in Saratov . In the years 1923-1924 - a member of the Saratov provincial planning commission.

In 1917, E.V. Zmachinsky made two inventions: 1) obtaining cyanogen bromide and 2) obtaining bromine and suborganic compounds.

In 1919 - 1920 he edited the journal "National Economy of the Lower Volga Region".

He spent a lot of organizational work in Perm . While working at Perm University , he created and headed the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, was involved in the construction and equipment of a chemical-pharmaceutical plant located in the Alafuzov building, led the research work in the laboratory of pharmaceutical technology. This was noted by the board of Perm University ( 1928 ).

During his work at Perm University, he published the following works: “The State and Prospects for the Development of the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry in the Urals” (Ural Farm. 1926. No. 13-14), “Development Ways and Tasks of the Technology of Pharmaceutical Preparations” (Pharmacy Bulletin. 1926. 2) ^[3] .. In total, by this time he had published 12 scientific and technical works. In a review of his work, professors at PSU D. Alekseev , N. Cromer , A. Genkel noted as a virtue, the connection of scientific developments with production activities.

At the Belarusian University, he became the organizer of the Faculty of Chemistry of the University and its first dean ( 1931 ) ^[4] .

While working at the Belarusian University, he developed methods for producing ichthyol from oil shale, as well as projects for a number of pilot industrial enterprises. He began an extensive study of Belarusian peat , created and headed the peat laboratory ( 1934 ), transformed into a laboratory for the study of chemical raw materials of the BSSR . He developed a new method for the combined processing of peat and phosphorite to produce phosphate fertilizers , alcohol , and yeast . He proposed a new method of bromination and iodination of organic compounds. He conducted a number of studies related to catalysis , electrochemistry .

Developed a new version of the periodic system of elements .

The author of a number of theoretical works on the problems of using natural raw materials and the development of the chemical industry ^[7] .

He was fluent in several foreign languages.

Spent a lot of public work, often gave lectures to the population.

1. Pre-war years // Department of Chemistry of Belarusian University.
2. Zmachinsky Emil Vikentyevich (2 / 14.03.1889-1945) // Belaruski dzyarzhany Onіversіtet.
3. Data on the repression of professors. Zmachinsky Emil Vikentievich, born in 1889 Arch. criminal case # OF-11472. // Social history of domestic science. Institute of the History of Natural Science and Technology. S. I. Vavilova RAS .
4. Zmachinsky Emil Vikentievich // Book of memory of the Saratov region. [3] [4]
5. Zmachinsky Emil Vikentievich // Professors of Perm State University: (1916–2001) / Ch. Ed .: V.V. Malanin . Perm: Publishing house Perm. University, 2001.419 s. S. 76–77.
6. About the Department of Organic Chemistry // Perm State National Research University.
7. Oshurkova R. A. Zmachinsky Emil Vikentievich // Kostitsyn V. I. Perm University in 2004: anniversary and memorable dates of scientists and Heroes of the Soviet Union. Perm: Publishing house Perm. University, 2004.143 s. S. 17–19.
8. Rogozhnikov S.I. E.V. Zmachinsky - Professor of Perm University, Head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (1926–1927) // Rogozhnikov S.I. Chemical Department of Perm University. History of origin and formation. Perm: PSNIU, 2016.476 s. S. 157-159.
9. Rybakova M. N. History of the Department of Organic Chemistry (1918–2011) // Bulletin of Perm University. Series "Chemistry". 2011. Issue. 4 (4). S. 4–11.