Jean Buridan ( fr. Jean Buridan , Latin: Joannes Buridanus ; ca. 1300 , Bethune - ca. 1358 ) - French philosopher , logician , representative of medieval nominalism , Catholic theologian, natural philosopher , mechanic .
| Jean Buridan | |
|---|---|
| Jean bridan | |
| Date of Birth | OK. 1300 |
| Place of Birth | Bethune |
| Date of death | OK. 1358 |
| A country | |
| Alma mater | |
| School / Tradition | nominalism |
| Direction | scholastic philosophy , natural philosophy |
| Main interests | , and |
| Influenced | and |
He studied at the Sorbonne with William Occam . From 1328 he taught there. He was a teacher of Albert Saxon .
Teaching
The philosophical writings of Buridan are written in the form of a commentary on the works of Aristotle [1] . He accepts the Aristotelian definition of science as knowledge obtained on the basis of obvious, necessary and unprovable assumptions , but distinguishes between logically necessary assumptions and assumptions whose evidence is based on experienced assertions [2] . Reflecting on how he should relate to the authority of Aristotle, Buridan came to the following conclusion: “I don’t know how to respond to arguments from authority other than by denying authority” [3] .
In the field of mechanics Buridan belongs to the development of the theory of impetus ( Latin impetus ) - a driving ability “imprinted” in an abandoned body:
A man throwing a stone moves his hand along with the stone, and while archery the string moves along with the arrow for some time, pushing the arrow; and the same is true in relation to the sling, accelerating the stone, or in relation to machines, throwing huge stones. And as long as the thrower pushes the abandoned body while in contact with it, the movement is slower at the beginning, for then only the external engine drives a stone or arrow; but when moving, an impetus is continuously acquired, which, together with the above-mentioned external engine, moves a stone or an arrow, due to which their movement becomes more and more rapid. But after detachment from a thrower, he no longer moves an abandoned body, but only acquired impetus moves it, and this impetus, due to environmental resistance, is continuously weakened, and therefore the movement becomes more and more slow.
The problem of free will Buridan considered logically insoluble . Buridan is also credited with the famous paradox about the freedom of choice of a person, with whom the saying “ Buridan donkey ”, which is proverbial, is connected, although in his writings he never mentioned the problem with the donkey.
Works
- Tractatus de consequentiis
- Sophismata
- Summulae de Dialectica
- Quaestiones super libris quattuor de caelo et mundo
- Questiones super octo librum Politicorum Aristotelis
Essay Publications
- Quaestiones super libris quattuor de caelo et mundo. - Camb. (Mass.), 1942.
- Klima, Gyula (tr.) John Buridan: 'Summulae de Dialectica'. Yale Library of Medieval Philosophy. New Haven, Conn./London: Yale University Press, 2001.
See also
Impeus theory
Legends
The personality of Buridan is surrounded by legends, among which is the connection with Jeanne of Navarre , the wife of King Philip IV of the Beautiful France of France, and the founder of the College of Navarre . According to the ballad of Francois Villon , on the orders of the Queen, Buridan was sewn into a bag and thrown into the Seine [4] . The legend was first recorded in Villon and recorded almost a century and a half after the death of Buridan, and neither flirting, nor communication, nor the name of the queen, Villon does not. No supporting facts are known.
Probably, the legends also need to include reports of a shoe hitting the head of a student in a student’s rampage, which later became Pope Clement VI .
Buridan is also known for visiting the Mont Ventoux [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Buridan, Jean // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 t. (82 t. And 4 add.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ "Buridan" - an article in the New Philosophical Encyclopedia .
- ↑ NOMINALISM AS A PHILOSOPHICAL DIRECTION
- ↑ Francois Villon. The ballad of the ladies of old times
- ↑ John Buridan in Oxford Index
Literature
- Gaidenko V.P. , Smirnov G.A. Western European Science in the Middle Ages: General Principles and the Study of Motion. - M .: Science , 1989. - 352 p. - (Library of world history of natural science). - ISBN 5-02-007958-8 .
- Gaidenko V. P. Buridan, Jean // New Philosophical Encyclopedia / Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences ; Nat Society-nauch. fund; Preds. scientific ed. Council V.S. Stepin , deputy representatives .: A. A. Guseinov , G. Yu. Semigin , uch. sec A.P. Ogurtsov . - 2nd ed., Corr. and add. - M .: Thought , 2010. - ISBN 978-5-244-01115-9 .
- Buridan, Jean / Gaidenko V.P. // Greater Caucasus - Grand Canal. - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2006. - P. 368. - (The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 tons.] / Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004–2017, Vol. 4). - ISBN 5-85270-333-8 .
- Grigoryan A.T. , Zubov V.P. Essays on the development of basic concepts of mechanics. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1962. - 274 p.
- Zubov V.P. Space and time in the Parisian nominalists of the 14th century. (on the history of the concept of relative motion) // From the history of French science. - M .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960. - P. 3-53.
- Lanskaya G. Yu. Jean Buridan and Nikolai Orem on the diurnal rotation of the Earth. Studies in the history of physics and mechanics. 1995-1997. - M .: Science, 1999. - p. 87-98.
- Lisanyuk Ye.N. Buridan and “Modern Modal Logic” // Ya. A. Slinin and We. Collection of articles on the 70th anniversary of prof. Ya. A. Slinin / Ed. Migunov A.I. - SPb. : SPbFO, 2002. - pp. 280-296.
- Lisanyuk E.N. J. Buridan on Verification of Proposals // Homo philosophans. Collection of articles for the 60th anniversary of prof. K.A. Sergeeva. Ed. Perova Yu. V. - SPb. : SPbFO, 2002. - p. 49-61.
- Lisanyuk Ye. N. Zh. Buridan on the conditions for verifying sentences and the validity of consequent // Modern logic: problems of theory, history, applications in science. Materials of the 6th International Conference, St. Petersburg State University, June 22–24, 2002 - St. Petersburg. : Publishing House of St. Petersburg State. University, 2002. - ISBN 5-288-03115-0 . . Pp. 343-345.
- Lupandin I. V. Jean Buridan and his contribution to the development of astronomy // Historical and astronomical research. - 1989. - № 21 . - S. 155-163 .
- Shirokov V. S. Jean Buridan on the aporias of Zeno // Philosophical Sciences. - 1982. - № 4 . - S. 94-101 .
- Shirokov V.S. Infinitesimal concept of Jean Buridan // Historical and mathematical research. - 1978. - № 23 . - p . 250-269 .
- Klima, Gyula. John Buridan. - New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
- Landi M. Un contributo allo studio della scienza nel Medio Evo. Il trattato Il cielo e il mondo di Giovanni Buridano e un confronto con alcune posizioni di Tommaso d'Aquino // Divus Thomas. - 2007. - № 110/2 . P. 151-185.
- Thijssen JMMH; Zupko, Jack (ed.). The Metaphysics and Natural Philosophy of John Buridan. - Leiden: Brill, 2001.
- Zupko, Jack. John Buridan. Portrait of a Fourteenth-Century Arts Master. - University of Notre Dame Press, 2003.
Links
- Turner W. Jean Buridan (The original catholic encyclopedia)