The seal of the Lavrishevsky Monastery ( Belorussian Pyatyatka Lauryshauskaga Monastery) is a medieval applied stone seal -matrix of the second half of the 13th - 14th centuries [1] , discovered in 2015 during archaeological excavations in the village of Lavrishevsky [male] monastery in the village of Novogrudsky district, Grodno region Republic of Belarus ). Made of slate stone and has the shape of a bar, on one of the ends cut out the inscription in 2 lines. The peculiarity of the finding is the preservation of the matrix, since usually medieval press is found in the form of prints. There are no analogues in Belarus.
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 | Seal of the Lavrishevsky Monastery |
According to the Galicia-Volyn chronicle , "founded for himself a monastery on Neumann , between Lithuania and Novogrudok , and lived there" around 1260 the son of the Grand Duke of Lithuania Mindovg - Voyshelk (Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1264-1267) [2] . According to church tradition, the monastery was founded in the middle of the 13th century by the Rev. Hegumen Yelisei Lavrishevsky .
Content
Archaeological research in Lavrishevo
The location of the Lavrishevsky Monastery is known from documents from the 16th century. Archaeological research here in February 1990 began A.K. Kravtsevich , who concluded: “Based on the archaeological material found during the excavations, we can say that we found the cultural layer of the Lavrishevsky monastery [3] .” In 2011–2015, excavations in this The site was conducted by , which consisted of volunteers, under the supervision of the doctor of historical sciences, Professor S. Ya. Rassadin . According to the results of research, he concluded that a monastery existed on this place since its foundation in the 13th century. [four]
Print Detection
Field processing of archaeological materials in the expedition was carried out under the guidance of the historian T. V. Maslyukov [4] , the find was previously identified as a stone bar and sent for further scientific research. She was assigned the cipher "L15 37/5".
When studying a find in Minsk, S. Rassadin found an inscription on the end of the bar, T. Maslyukov expressed the opinion that this could be the name of the owner [5] . According to S. Rassadin, the find is made of slate stone , which was mined and processed in the Middle Ages until the XIII century. (in archeology, shale products are dating objects, since stone mining workshops were destroyed in 1240 during the Mongol-Tatar invasion and were not restored later [6] ). To read the inscription, the find was handed over to the specialist in epigraphy , the candidate of historical sciences .
Reading and Definition
Reading the inscription in the laboratory and determining the type of find was suggested by I. L. Kalechits. According to her conclusions, the artifact is a seal, and the inscription reads “ Holy letter ” , while the first word is written in abbreviated form in Greek [7] , which was typical for the XII-XIV centuries: “ Ά (γιος) PU (C) TIN” [8] . The letter "n" in the Eastern Slavic Cyrillic alphabet before the XIV century was written in the Greek form "Ν". In this case, the find supplements a number of early seals from the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania .
Another reading, according to published photographs of the matrix and the impression, was suggested by journalist . According to him, in the pictures "at the end of a stone bar ... you can ... without much effort" read the name Yitzhak-Isi [k] (יצחק אייזיק) written in Hebrew square font (Ayzik is a Yiddish analog of Yitzhak, parallel names were traditionally used by Jews in Eastern Europe : Dov-Ber, Ze'ev-Wolf, Arie-Leib and others) [9] . Doctor of Humanities L. Lempert (professor of history and culture of Jews at the Faculty of History of Vilnius University ) [10] , Doctor of Historical Sciences Professor of Byzantinistics of the Practical School of Higher Studies, Paris] [11] agreed with such a reading [11] , and Belarus - a collector of Jewish seals, Rabbi S. Izakson (Vitebsk) [10] .
Commenting on the reports about the Jewish reading, I. Kalechits explained that her version of the Greek-Slavic text is preliminary, and that she does not deal with the special study of this inscription [11] . None of the Belarusian scientists and none of the epigraphists or spragists did not publish doubts about the reading of I. Kalechits.
Presentation
A press presentation of the public was held on November 1, 2015 in Lavrishevo [12] [13] , and on November 5, on the day of the feast day of the Lavrishevsky monastery, the press was shown to the Metropolitan of Minsk and Zaslavl, Patriarchal Exarch of All Belarus Pavel , clergy and guests [ 14] .
The message of S. Ya. Rassadin and I. L. Kalechits "Stone matrix of the press from the Lavrishevsky Monastery" was included in the program of the international scientific conference "Grand Duchy of Lithuania: politics, economics, culture" in the section "Spiritual and Material Culture" (5— November 6, 2015, Minsk) [15] .
Notes
- ↑ At the excavations of the Lavrishevsky Monastery, we found a unique printing matrix of the XIII century . lavra.by (November 10, 2015).
- ↑ Irina Hovsepyan. When the beaver was a fish . Belarus today (August 4, 2014).
- ↑ Kraўtsevich, 1996 .
- ↑ 1 2 Prakopchyk B. Zagadkі lauryshaўskaga monastery // Zvyazda. - August 4, 2015.
- “ Masliuko”, T. V. Hell of Kamennaga press and chess figures: new excavations ў Larišava // gomelcivil.org - 15 June 2015.
- ↑ Ch., Eg.: Weksler, A. G. Excavations in Moscow on Arbat / A. G. Weksler, Yu. Yu. Vasiliev // Science and Life . - 1996, No. 11.
- ↑ Archaeologists talk about the second for the year of sensation // tvr.by - Minsk. - September 11, 2015.
- ↑ Galoўka, S. Mysteries of the Laurišўaгаka monastery: way and racket / S. Galoўka // Belaruskaya dumka . - 2015, № 11. - P. 50—57.
- ↑ Shupa S. Yaki Іtskhak-Aizіk zgubіў pyachatku ІІІІ stagodzdzya ў Laўryshaўskіm monastery? // Radio Liberty . - October 22, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Nadpis for the interns of the citizens of Pacha: ўўryt Ёцць, but there was no gabrayў? // Radio Liberty . - October 28, 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 Gіstoryk Rassadzіn - adzіny pratsіўnіk іўrytu on Pyachattsy from Laўryshaўskaga monastery? // Radio Liberty . - October 30, 2015.
- ↑ Petrova, A. Print of the XIII century presented to the compound of the Saint-Eliseevsky monastery Archival copy of February 2, 2016 on the Wayback Machine / A. Petrova // novgazeta.by [Electronic resource] - Novogrudok . - 2015. - 1st of November .
- ↑ Pyachatka XIII stagodzya prezentavali on padvor'i Svyat-Eliseeўskaga muzhchynskaga monastery // tvr.by - Minsk. - November 2, 2015.
- ↑ Metropolitan Pavel visited the Eliseevsky Lavrishevsky male monastery / Photo: A. Mizei // The official portal of the Belarusian Orthodox Church - Minsk. - November 5, 2015.
- ↑ Pragramma International University Navukovy Kantefentsy “Vyalikae Princes Lіtoўskae: Palitka, ecology, culture” // Institut gistoryі NANB - Minsk.
Literature
- Kraўtsevіch, A. K. Arkhealagіchnyya dasledavannі Lauryўaгаkaгаa monastery on Päjmonnі // Z glyb vyakў . Our land. - Minsk: Science and Technology, 1996. - Vol. 1. - p. 227–234.
Links
- Pyatrova, A. Unikalnaya znakhodka // Novaya zhytstsyo. - November 4, 2015.
- Panorama 11/07/2015 [Video from 29:55] // tvr.by [Electronic resource] - Minsk. - November 8, 2015.
- On the excavations of the Lavrishevsky monastery, we found a unique printing matrix of the XIII century [Photo 1.11.2015] // lavra.by - Lavrishevo. - November 10, 2015.