Marina Kazimirovna Baranovich (December 31, 1901 - January 8, 1975) - translator, champion of anthroposophical teachings , assistant to L. L. Pasternak , witness of the “ Gulag Archipelago ” A. I. Solzhenitsyn .
| Marina Kazimirovna Baranovich | |
|---|---|
 M.K. Baranovich, 1953 | |
| Date of Birth | December 31, 1901 |
| Place of Birth | Moscow |
| Date of death | January 8, 1975 ( 73) |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| A country | |
| Occupation | |
Content
Biography
Born in the family of the famous Moscow doctor Kazimir Feofilovich Baranovich, who had his own hospital on Vozdvizhenka and Alexandra Vladimirovna (nee Orlova). Mother died of contracting diphtheria when Marina was just over five years old [1] .
She studied at the Khvostovsky gymnasium, then she was transferred to the Catherine Institute , but the revolution did not allow him to graduate. In 1918, she was arrested simultaneously with her father and placed in Butyrka prison. The story of MK K. Baranovich about this arrest was included by A. I. Solzhenitsyn in the “ Gulag Archipelago ”. In particular, she described the cramped conditions in Butyrki in the first months of the Soviet regime, when even in the prison laundry a cell for 70 people was arranged [2] .
In 1921 she entered the M.A. Chekhov Theater Studio. The studio was located in the so-called "round room" in the apartment of M. A. Chekhov in a house on Arbat Square near the later demolished church of Saints Boris and Gleb . Classes were led by M. A. Chekhov and V. N. Tatarinov. After leaving Chekhov’s studio, she was in Vakhtangov ’s studio for some time (the role of Adelma in “Princess Turandot”). Since 1924 she participated in performances of the Blue Blouse and the Uzel Publishing House, reading poetry by Russian poets. In those years, she became friends with M.A. Voloshin , after which she began to come to visit the Voloshin family in Koktebel.
In the fall of 1929, Sophia Parnok dedicated to M.K. Baranovich the poem "You are young, long-legged! ..", it contains the words: "And I love you, and through you, Marina, // Vision of your niece." The poem is inspired by reading Baranovich poems Tsvetaeva [3] .
In 1932 she gave birth to a daughter, Anastasia. With her father, Alexander Emelyanovich Raev, Marina Kazimirovna broke up even before her birth. Anastasia met her father only during the war [1] .
In 1933-1934 she worked as a technical translator at Special Steels, and was interrogated by the NKVD in connection with the arrests of foreign employees of this institution.
Anthroposophy
The activities and principles of Mikhail Chekhov's studio were largely based on the anthroposophical teachings of Rudolf Steiner [4] . Acquaintance with anthroposophy M. A. Chekhov called "the happiest period in his life" [5] . Therefore, it is no coincidence that M.P. Stolyarov , one of the active figures of the Russian Anthroposophical Society, participated in conducting classes in the studio. Eurhythmy classes were held in the studio. Andrei Bely came to the students to give lectures. Here he worked on the portrait of M. A. Chekhov and conducted lengthy discussions about anthroposophy, as a spiritual science, by M. V. Sabashnikov . Marina Kazimirovna retained her passion for anthroposophy, translated anthroposophical works for her friends.
Helping B. L. Pasternak
Baranovich first met Pasternak at the Uzel publishing house. Before the war, she wrote him a letter to which he replied. After Pasternak returned from evacuation, Baranovich began to regularly reprint manuscripts for him. “Roman” (the name “Doctor Zhivago” was not yet) she reprinted several times. Extensive correspondence with Pasternak published in a separate book. Baranovich was not just a typist and assistant, but also a confidant of the writer. For example, when Boris Leonidovich was hospitalized with an extensive heart attack, he turned to M.K. with a request to transfer money to the family of Olga Ivinskaya , who was at that time in the camp, and her family was left without a livelihood [6] [7] .
Translator
Translated from French, and from English, and from German. After reading the first Russian edition of Saint-Exupery (Land of People, 1957), Marina Kazimirovna became so carried away by this book that in several years she translated into Russian, without thinking about publishing, almost all of Saint-Exupery. For the first time, “Military Pilot” appeared precisely in the translation of M.K. in the journal Moscow (No. 6, 1962). Only a part of these translations appeared in the press (her translations are included in the collection of journalism “The Meaning of Life”, the book “Southern Postal” was published in her translation), but most of them went to samizdat for years. Lev Losev believed that Brodsky was influenced by Baizovich’s Samizdat translation of “Letters to General X.” by Saint-Exupery, reminiscences of which are found in the poem “Letter to General Z.” [8] .
Translated also R.M. Rilke , P.A. Holbach , Bret Hart (translations are included in the 1st and 6th volumes of the Collected Works), Conan Doyle (tales of Sherlock Holmes) and others.
Help A. I. Solzhenitsyn
Reprinted " Kolyma Tales " for Varlam Shalamov [9] .
Baranovich’s acquaintance with Solzhenitsyn dates back to 1965. D.M. Panin gave M.K. without the knowledge of the author of " In the First Circle ", Solzhenitsyn wanted to get acquainted. Daughter M.K., Anastasia Aleksandrovna Baranovich-Polivanova offered the writer assistance in storing uncensored manuscripts. In the spring of 1965, he gave her “In the First Circle” and 15 copies of 2 of his poems. On September 18, 1965, KGB officers detained M.K., searched her, seized the machine and interrogated until late in the evening, after which the investigator came home many times for interrogations to M.K. The daughter’s apartment, A. A. Baranovich-Polivanova, was not searched. A copy of the manuscript "In the first circle" survived. According to A. A. Baranovich-Polivanova’s testimony: “the only thing that interested them was whether their mother printed the Archipelago” [10] . Son-in-law M.K. Baranovich Mikhail Polivanov is listed by Solzhenitsyn among his secret assistants , he is one of the co-authors of the collection “ From Under the Boulders ” [11] .
Family
- Brother - Maximilian Kazimirovich Baranovich (1904 — after 1985), a doctor who participated in the Great Patriotic War [12] , taught at the faculty therapeutic clinic at the 2nd Moscow Medical Institute (associate professor) [13] [14] .
- Daughter - Anastasia Aleksandrovna Baranovich-Polivanova (b. February 22, 1932 , Moscow ), translator, writer, her husband physicist M.K. Polivanov (1930-1992).
Publications
Letters
Correspondence of B. Pasternak with M. Baranovich. - M .: MIK, 1998 .-- 103 p. - ISBN 5-87902-008-8 .
Translations
- Holbach P. A. Letters to Eugene. Common sense. Editorial and article by Yu.Ya. Kogana. Executive Editor H.N. Momdzhyan . Translation M.K. Baranovich. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1956.
Sources
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Baranovich-Polivanova A. Looking back. Tomsk: Aquarius. ISBN 5-7137-0187-5
- ↑ Solzhenitsyn A.I. Gulag Archipelago. 1918-1956. Experience in artistic research. M: AST — Astrel. 2010.V. 1.P. 124. ISBN 978-5-17-065170-2
- ↑ Young man Sofia Yakovlevna. Poems.
- ↑ Shiyanov M. Mikhail Chekhov - a follower of Rudolf Steiner.
- ↑ Hemleben, J. Rudolf Steiner. Biographical sketch. - M: Publishing House named after N.I. Novikov, 2004. - ISBN 5-87991-004-0
- ↑ Ivinskaya O. V. Years with Boris Pasternak: In captivity of time. - M.: Libris, 1992 .-- 464 p.
- ↑ Alexander Gladkov . A diary. // "New World" 2014, No. 3
- ↑ Dmitry Kuzmin Saint-Exupery in Russia. // Ural 2002, 6
- ↑ Esipov V.V. Shalamov
- ↑ Anastasia Baranovich-Polivanova . // Big city, 2013, June 19. Cit. according to [1] / It should be emphasized that for all the likelihood of such a conclusion, it may well be only a retrospective interpretation of events, since it is completely unclear on the basis of what actions the employees of the bodies made.
- ↑ Baranovich-Polivanova A.A. Looking back.
- ↑ Memory of the people. Baranovich Maximilian Kazimirovich __.__. 1904
- ↑ Moscow scientific therapeutic schools (20s - 40s of the 20th century) and their role in the formation of departments of internal diseases at MSI - MSMSU ... "
- ↑ Victor Topolyansky “Track stitches have grown ...”