The Kirzhach zander plain is a part of the Meshchersk lowland .
Content
Geology
The Kirzhach Middle Pleistocene zandrovaya plain between the rivers of the left tributaries of the Klyazma , the Sherna and the Kirzhach , is formed on the removal cone of the Moscow glacial stream. In the north it borders on the southern foot of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland , in the south - on Sredneklyazminsky woodland .
The territory is characterized by gentle topography with a small amplitude of heights. Surface marks 113-171 meters above sea level. The highest elevations are confined to the surviving erosion-island remains of the moraine relief [1] .
The bedrock of the bedrock is located at elevations of 100–120 m. It is composed of Upper Jurassic clay in its Priaklyazma part, and lower Cretaceous sand deposits on interfluves. The thickness of the quaternary cover, represented by sandy water-glacial and alluvial sediments , reaches 30 m. The Dnieper moraine is eroded, and the proto-alluvial-water-glacial Moscow sediments lie directly on the surface of the bedrock. Cover loams are absent [1] .
The river valley is framed by the Holocene floodplain and two low Upper Pleistocene ( Valdai- Khvalynsky) above-floodplain terraces [1] .
The river valleys are winding, the slopes are moderate, sometimes steep, weakly dissected by shallow ravines and valleys of tributaries.
Two aquifers :
- Assel-Klyazma aquifer, confined to the carbonate rocks of the lower Permian and Upper Carboniferous. The thickness of the horizon is from 35 to 60 meters, the depth is from 40 to 80 meters under the thickness of Quaternary, Cretaceous clay sands and Jurassic clays.
- The aquifer of Quaternary alluvial-fluvioglacial sediments (well depth 12-30 m) [2] .
Soils
Floodplaces
The soil cover of the Kirzhach river basin is formed on alluvial and lake sediments of the second terrace above the floodplain , alluvial-fluvioglacial (water-glacial) sediments of the third terrace above the floodplain, marsh sediments and the main moraine . The peculiarities of the morphological structure of alluvial soils near the riverbed and central parts of the floodplain of the Kirzhach River (with relative elevations of 120–140 m) include a low-powered humus horizon (less than 25 cm), a granular powdery and granular-lumpy structure (in humus horizons).
The soils in the floodplain of the Kirzhach river are mostly slightly acidic (pH aq. = 5.6–6.8; pH KCl = 4.8–6.0). The most highly humus soil (17%) is alluvial meadow saturated in the central floodplain, the least humified (4.4%) is alluvial meadow acidic in the spring channel floodplain. The content of mobile phosphorus is average, with potassium the alluvial soils of the Kirzhach River are high. Alluvial soils have high potential fertility [3] .
Watersheds
The formation of sod-podzolic soils in the watersheds of various landscape areas of the Kirzhach river basin has specific features. In the Left Bank Priklyazmensky Meshchera, watershed soils form mainly on sands underlain by moraine under a pine canopy, less often in spruce-small-leaved forests, which leads to the prevalence of poorly podzolic poorly differentiated soils with an acidic reaction in this area. In accordance with the “Scheme for the classification of floodplain soils of the forest zone” developed by G. V. Dobrovolsky , among the floodplain soils of the forest zone, soils of high floodplains stand out, which came out of the regime of regular watering, but carry in its profile its residual features, which are traced in in this case. The increased phosphorus content in the sod-podzolic soils of the landscape region of the Left-Bank Priklyazmenskoye Meshchera is associated with its high content in the soil-forming rock.
Sod-podzolic soils of the watersheds of the Kolchuginsky landscape region have a powerful, brightly-colored soil profile without a podzolic horizon, the result of formation on the moraine, which consists of clay enriched with iron with sandy veins and covered with carbon-free cover loams . The content of organic carbon in the humus-accumulative horizon is high with a sharp drop down the profile, which is a characteristic feature of sod-podzolic soils.
The sod-podzolic soils of the Kirzhach river basin are characterized by morphological heterogeneity of the soil profile, manifested in different thickness and degree of expression of the eluvial-illuvial differentiation, thickness and humus content of the organic horizons. This is due to the soil formation conditions of the landscape areas and, above all, various soil-forming rocks [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Romanov V. V. Landscapes of the Vladimir Region. Landscapes of Meschersky province: studies. allowance . - Vladimir: VlSU, 2013. - P. 136. - ISBN 978-5-9984-0320-0 .
- ↑ Designer LLC. The general plan of the municipality is the rural settlement of Pershinskoye, Kirzhachsky district, Vladimir region (2009). The date of circulation is February 26, 2013. Archived March 14, 2013.
- ↑ Trifonova T.A., Mishchenko N.V., Selivanova N.V., Chesnokova S.M., Repkin R.V. Pool approach in environmental research . - Vladimir: VladimirPoligraph LLC, 2009.
- ↑ Trifonova T. A., Mishchenko N. V., Bykova E. P., Oreshnikova N. V., Matekina N. P. Sod-podzolic soils of the watersheds of the Kirzhach river basin, formed in different landscape areas // Problems of Agrochemistry and Ecology . - M .: Non-profit partnership "Commonwealth of scientists of agrochemists and agroecologists", 2013. - № 1 . - p . 48-52 .