Lazar Germanovich Rabinovich is a variant of the patronymic name Grigorievich (1860 [1] - 1934 [2] ) - mining engineer, a member of the State Duma of the II convocation from the Ekaterinoslav province .
| Lazar Germanovich Rabinovich | |
|---|---|
| Loser Gershovich Rabinovich | |
 Deputy of the Second Duma, 1907 | |
| Date of Birth | 1860 |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | 1934 |
| Citizenship |  Russian empire  the USSR |
| Occupation | mining engineer, deputy of the II State Duma from Yekaterinoslav province . |
| Education | Petersburg Mining Institute (1884) |
| Religion | Judaist |
| The consignment | Constitutional democratic |
Biography
Born in the family of a merchant of the 2nd guild of Gersh-Ber Shlomovich Rabinovich. At birth, he was given the name Loser, which persisted, at least until his fifteenth birthday. Father by this time became known as German-Ber Solomonovich [3] . Jew by nationality, formally preserved the Jewish religion, but there is no data on attitudes towards religion. First, he studied at the Kamenetz-Podolsk gymnasium, where he graduated from the 4th grade, then he moved to the Belotserkovsky real school, which he graduated in 1878. He enrolled as an “original student” [4] , and in 1884 graduated from the St. Petersburg Mining Institute .
Work in Donbass
In 1885, the Main Mountain Administration sent a mine to the Makeyevka mine of the heirs of Ilovaisky [2] . In 1890, he worked at the Berestovo-Bogodukhovsky mine [5] . After several years of work at the Makeevka mine, he became head of the Voznesensky mine of Peter Alexandrovich Karpov. He became the first director of the Maksimovskoye mine, built by the Maximov brothers [2] . During this period, the peasants of the village of Chutino, where Rabinovich lived, managing the Maksimovskiy mine, elected him chairman of the committee for the construction of an Orthodox church [2] . In 1895, together with A. N. Glebov and other co-founders of the Sovereign-Bayrak Partnership, he became a member [6] . In 1895-1897 he was seconded to the Directorate of state railways for the management of the private railway "Maksimovskoye branch" [5] . In 1898 he received the rank of collegiate adviser [5] . In the spring of 1899, he participated in the development of the Tkvarcheli coal basin, in September 1900 entered into an agreement with G. V. Butmi to jointly continue these works [7] . Together with S. S. Mantsiarli, one of the founders of the Irmino mine, was appointed its director. He moved to Kharkov, where he devoted a lot of time to social and industrial work. Member of the Bureau of the Union of Kharkov engineers. At the time of election to the Second Duma, the annual salary was 10 thousand rubles [8] .
First arrest
During the revolution of 1905 he lived permanently in Kharkov. He was arrested there and spent several months in Kharkiv Central Prison. There are two versions of the reasons for the arrest of Rabinovich. According to the first, he was arrested for participating in the funeral procession at the funeral of railway workers killed by the Cossacks. Rabinovich was carrying a black mourning flag without any anti-government inscriptions from the Kharkov department of the All-Russian Union of Engineers. According to another version, the cause of the arrest by order of the Kharkiv governor, General Peshkov, was with the introduction of Rabinovich at the Irminsk mine “arbitrarily and contrary to the general safety of the eight-hour working day” [2] . Condemned to expulsion abroad for four years. On March 25, 1906, Rabinovich from the correctional prison department was escorted to the station under guard. There he was accompanied by some of his friends and comrades. Went to Berlin [9] .
Second State Duma
On February 6, 1907, he was elected to the Second State Duma of the total composition of electors in the Yekaterinoslav province. He became a member of the Constitutional Democratic faction. Consisted of the Duma Commission on the execution of the state list of income and expenses, the financial commission and the commission on assistance to the unemployed. He made a proposal for the immediate creation of the Food Commission [8] .
Continuing Work in the Donbas
Director of the Irininsky Coal Society. In 1903-1912 secretary of the Council of Congresses of Miners of the South of Russia. In 1910, he was on the staff of the Main Mining Administration with the secondment at the disposal of the Board of the Irmin Coal Society, at the same time in 1910 he was dismissed from the service station. He invested in the reconstruction of the Grushevsky anthracite mine, the chairman of the board of the Donetsk-Hrushevsky coal and anthracite mine, and the chairman of the board of the society of the cement plants Granulit [5] .
He put forward the idea of industrial development of the Grishinsky coal region, a new western region of the Donetsk basin. With the risk invested in its development of its own large funds. The evaluation of the prospects for the field turned out to be absolutely correct: the new coal region was rich in coal of excellent quality [2] .
Being a wealthy person and not having his own family, he paid for the education of several students, was engaged in charity and financial support for revolutionary activities [2] .
In 1917, together with A. A. Press, he founded the private Polytechnic Institute in Yekaterinoslav [5] .
During the Civil War he did not emigrate, since he could not leave his mother and her sick sister [4] .
In Soviet times
In 1920 he was invited by the Soviet authorities to manage the reconstruction of the Donbass [5] . In the 1920s, Chairman of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Carboniferous Industry of the Supreme Council of National Economy (VSNH) of the USSR. Chairman of the industrial section of the State Planning Committee of the USSR.
Shakhty affair
He was arrested in March 1928 under the “Shakhty case” . Accused under articles 58-7, 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR [10] for being present at meetings of the “sabotage” “counterrevolutionary” organization in 1925–1926, and helped establish links with other organizations. He pleaded not guilty. At the process he kept with directness and courage. Rabinovich said at the trial: “Humanity needs a new life, but what you brought is worse than the old one”. The public prosecutor, N. V. Krylenko, in his own way assessed the defendant: “Rabinovich is alien to the whole spirit of the Soviet regime, but the method of protection adopted by Rabinovich cannot fail to appeal” [2] .
In his speech at the trial, Rabinovich said: “When I stood and watched the train leave me, emitting clouds of smoke, I felt like a god who created the earth. By this I carried an increase in culture, an increase in values in the treasury of the national economy. I worked and in my mind created new cultural benefits. ” When the accuser asked what the purpose of Rabinovich’s creativity was, he directly answered: “I worked to make money, I gained to make” [2] .
July 5, 1928 sentenced to imprisonment for 6 years with strict isolation, confiscation of a third of property and with the subsequent deprivation of rights for three years.
In 1930, during the process of the Industrial Party’s case, the name of Rabinovich was named as a member of the Central Committee of this mythical organization.
He died in prison in 1934 from heart disease [2] .
Together with other convicts in the “Shakhty case” according to the results of the investigation of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, he was rehabilitated in 2000 [11]
Literature
- Boiyovich M.M. Members of the State Duma (Portraits and Biographies). Second convocation. M, 1907. S. 105.
- State Duma of the Russian Empire: 1906-1917. B. Yu. Ivanov, A. A. Komzolov, I. S. Ryakhovskaya. Moscow. ROSSPEN. 2008. C. 515.
- Stepkin V., Tretyakov S. Guilty without guilt (mining engineer L. G. Rabinovich) // Donetsk. History, events, facts
- Rabinovich Lazar Germanovich // Jewish roots. Mining Institute.
- Zablotsky EM. The staff of the department of Moscow government, Lugansk plant, mountain districts of European Russia, the Caucasus and the Kingdom of Poland. Great rank.
Recommended sources
- Repressed geologists. Ed. M.-SPb., 1999
- Russian Jewish Encyclopedia. Volume 2. M, 1995. p. 423.
- Economic counterrevolution in the Donbass, OGIZ, Moscow, 1928.
- V. Zolotarev V. Stepkin . Cheka GPU NKVD in the Donbass. 1919-1941. Donetsk, 2010.
- Collard Yu. J. Spogadi Junior Days. Canada, pp. 175-183.
- Fenin A.I. Engineer's Memories. Prague, 1938.
- Fenin AI Coal and Politics in late Imperial Russia. 1990;
Archives
- Russian State Historical Archive. Fond 1278. Inventory 1 (2nd convocation). Case 358; Case 595. Sheet 6.
- RGIA: Fund 37, list 74, case 71;
Notes
- ↑ In the sources [1] , [2], an obvious mistake was born in 1866 , which would mean that L. G. Rabinovich graduated from a real school at the age of 12.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Stepkin V., Tretyakov S. Guilty without guilt (mining engineer L. G. Rabinovich) // Donetsk. History, events, facts
- ↑ Zablotsky E. M. "Jewish Religion." Jews are mining engineers.
- ↑ 1 2 Rabinovich Lazar Germanovich // Jewish roots. Mining Institute.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Zablotsky Ye. M. Personnel of the Office of Moscow Government, Lugansk Works, mining districts of European Russia, the Caucasus and the Kingdom of Poland. Great rank.
- ↑ Donbass miner Glebov | Donetsk: history, events, facts - Website about Donetsk and its history
- ↑ Yushkin E.M. Tkvarcheli coal in historical perspective. // Proceedings of the Abkhaz Scientific Society. Issue 2. Sukhumi, 1926. p. 8-9. Quoted by: [3]
- ↑ 1 2 Ivanov B.Yu., Komzolova A.A., Ryakhovskaya I.S. The State Duma of the Russian Empire: 1906-1917. Moscow. ROSSPEN. 2008. C. 515.
- ↑ Local Chronicle. Expulsion abroad. // "Southern Territory" (Kharkov). April 10 (March 28) 1906
- ↑ Rabinovich Lazar Germanovich // Repressed geologists. M.-SPB. 1999 cit. by: Victims of political terror in the USSR.
- The Prosecutor General’s Office rehabilitated the participants of the “Shakhty affairs”