Alexander Arkadyevich Vysokovsky (October 23, 1948, Rostov-on-Don - December 22, 2014, Moscow) is a Russian urbanist , architect, researcher, founder and first dean of the Higher School of Urban Studies of the Higher School of Economics (one named after his name in 2016), one of authors of the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation 2004. In fact, he first began in the late 80s - early 90s. XX century to develop in Russia the principles of legal zoning.
| Alexander Arkadevich Vysokovsky | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | |
| Place of Birth | |
| Date of death | |
| A place of death | |
| Place of work | |
| Academic degree | |
In 2011, he became the first dean of the Higher School of Urbanism, created by the Higher School of Economics Research University in cooperation with the Institute of Urban Economics Foundation . "
Content
- 1 Biography
- 2 Unevenly-zoned city model
- 3 Publications
- 4 References
Biography
Born after the war in Rostov-on-Don, lived in the city center. Mom - Valentina Kantorovich, an urban communications engineer, participated in the Rostov gasification project, father - Arkady Vysokovsky, participated in the defense of Stalingrad , after the war he worked as financial director.
He graduated from the architectural department of RISI ( Rostov Institute of Civil Engineering ) in 1971, after the institute he worked on the design of tourist camps in the design workshop. In 1983, he graduated from the graduate school of the Central Research Institute of Urban Planning in Moscow with a Ph.D. thesis on "Urban Planning Reserves for Building Development in the Centers of Major Cities", in which he began to develop methods for mathematical modeling of the city. In the future, this experience took shape in the “Unevenly Zoned Model” - one of Vysokovsky’s main theoretical contributions to the theory of modern urban planning, which he dealt with until the very end.
After graduating from the post-graduate school, he moved to VNIITAG , where he created the urban environment research sector, in which an interdisciplinary team of architects, historians, sociologists, and economists worked. Among the associates of Vysokovsky was, in particular, art critic Grigory Kaganov , with whom they were editors of several collections of VNIITAG devoted to problems of the urban environment, which Vysokovsky regularly collected.
At the beginning of perestroika, he began to deal with the problems of urban zoning together with Tatyana Afanasyeva and Eduard Trutnev within the framework of the Institute for Urban Economics Foundation, formulated the concept of the Land Use and Development Rules and first developed them for Veliky Novgorod in 1996, before the adoption of the first Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation (1998 g.).
In 2004, he was one of the authors (together with Eduard Trutnev) of the new version of the Town Planning Code, according to which legal zoning became an obligatory part of town planning documentation.
In 2011, he founded the master's program at the Higher School of Economics - Higher School of Urban Studies, together with the Institute for Urban Economics (IEG) Foundation, and the president of the IEG Foundation, Nadezhda Kosareva , became the academic director of the school.
He died in Moscow in December 2014. An urn with ashes was buried in the columbarium of the Don cemetery .
Unevenly Zoned City Model
The main scientific development of Alexander Vysokovsky concerned the idea of uneven development of the city, which opposed most of the existing concepts and theories, in particular, the concept of fabric and skeleton of the city of Alexei Gutnov . According to this theory, urban development is always shifting towards the center, which is reflected in the structure of the development of historically developed cities, in the distribution of business activities, and in the nature of the provision of services. Using the last condition, Alexander Arkadievich suggested analyzing the distribution of service facilities on a quarterly basis, thus revealing the uneven structure of the city.
Another important element of urban development for Vysokovsky was the perception of the city by its inhabitants. In the unevenly-zoned model, this began to be expressed through the opposition as the private and public reference point of the city . By a private reference point, Vysokovsky understood the space that the city dweller perceives as his, private, home; the territory adjacent to this space, he proposed to call the vernacular region . Vysokovsky considered the center of the city as the public reference point for urban space as a space that most citizens are ready to call the “center”. Moreover, one city may have several centers, which demonstrates the multiplicity of its structure and real polycentricity.
Publications
- Vysokovsky A. A., Privalov I. T. Formation of complexes of public centers as a means of intensifying the use of buildings and territories / [Architects A. A. Vysokovsky, I. T. Privalov] // Public buildings. - 1982. - Issue. 2.
- Vysokovsky A. A. Town-planning reserves for housing development in the centers of the largest cities. Dis. for a job. scientist step. K. arch. - M., 1983.
- Vysokovsky A., Valletta U., Afanasyev N. Legal zoning: Experience in developing “Land use and development rules” in Russian cities / [Vysokovsky A., Valletta U., Afanasyev N. et al.]; Ed. William Valletta and Alexander Vysokovsky; Urban Development Reforms Fund (Russia), Resource Development Fund (USA). - Moscow: Russian panorama, 1999 .-- 199 p. - 1000 copies. - ISBN 5-93165-031-8 .
- Vysokovsky, A. A. Land use and development rules: a development guide. Experience introduced. legal zoning in Kyrgyzstan / Alexander Vysokovsky. - Bishkek: Ega-Basma, 2005 .-- 329 p. - ISBN 9967-22-751-6 .
- Vysokovsky, A. A. Spatial regulation of urban development: incentives and obstacles / A. A. Vysokovsky // Modernization of the economy and the state: in 3 books. - 2007. - T. 1. - S. 405-409.
- Vysokovsky, A. A. Interaction of regional and local authorities in the management of spatial development / A. A. Vysokovsky // Modernization of the economy and social development: in 3 books. - 2007. - T. 3. - S. 338—347.
- Vysokovsky A. A. Visual images of the urban environment / A. A. Vysokovsky. - Moscow: Locus Standi, 2008 .-- 235 p. - ISBN 978-5-944280-45-9 .
- Vysokovsky, A. A. Alexander Vysokovsky: collection: in 3 volumes. / A. A. Vysokovsky; comp. I. Abankin [et al.]. - Moscow: Gray Matter, 2015.
- Vysokovsky, A. A. Alexander Vysokovsky: collection / A. A. Vysokovsky; comp. I. Abankin [et al.]. - Moscow: Gray Matter, 2015 .-- T. 1: Theory. - 435 p. - ISBN 978-5-9904174-6-5 .
- Vysokovsky, A. A. Alexander Vysokovsky: collection / A. A. Vysokovsky; comp. I. Abankin [et al.]. - Moscow: Gray Matter, 2015 .-- T. 2: Practice. - 397 p. - ISBN 978-5-9904174-7-2 .
- Vysokovsky, A. A. Alexander Vysokovsky: collection / A. A. Vysokovsky; comp. I. Abankin [et al.]. - Moscow: Gray Matter, 2015 .-- T. 3: Public. - 350 p. - ISBN 978-5-9904174-8-9 .
Links
- Page on the website of the Higher School of Economics
- “Vysokovsky found himself fully in the work of the dean of the Higher School of Economics” . Higher School of Urban Studies named after A.A. Vysokovsky (December 27, 2014). Date of treatment February 8, 2018.