Nefediev, Alexander Nikolaevich

Born in a family of labor intelligentsia.

He graduated from the 3rd Kazan Gymnasium (1906) with a silver medal and the Physics and Mathematics Department of Kazan University (1910). While studying at the university, he was specially engaged under the guidance of prof. A. P. Kotelnikov by studying 3rd-order curves and the theory of complexes of the 1st and 2nd orders, and under the guidance of prof. D. I. Dubyago - practical astronomy. He was a computer at the Engelhardt Observatory (1908-1910).

Then: a teacher of mathematics at the 3rd Kazan Gymnasium (1910-1912); student of pedagogical courses in the mathematical department at the Office of the school district; elected a full member of the Physics and Mathematics Society at Kazan University (1912); Lecturer in Higher Mathematics and Astronomy at the 2nd Real School of Kazan .

Since 1918, he was a surveyor at the cartographic department of the Tomsk land department and a senior calculator at the Siberian Research Institute (1919–1920).

In 1920 he was invited to the Ob Hydrographic Party of the Main Hydrographic Administration as an astronomer to participate in the polar expeditions of this party.

In the years 1921-1923. part-time - an astronomer of the Kazan Astronomical Observatory .

In 1922 he was appointed head of the astronomical part of the Office for the Safety of Navigation in the Kara Sea and the mouths of Siberian rivers.

In the autumn of 1923, he began lecturing at Perm University on descriptive, spherical and theoretical astronomy , as well as on higher geodesy . K.D. Pokrovsky , the first rector of Perm University, recommended A.N. Nefediev as a professor in the department of astronomy at this university.

He was approved by the GUS as a professor of astronomy at Perm University in 1925. In 1927, he was relieved of work at the university in connection with his appointment to the post of director of the Ulugbek Uzbek Astronomical Latitudinal Station being organized.

In 1921-1923 - Director of the Uzbek Astronomical Latitudinal Station named after Ulugbek .

He died on May 15, 1929 in Tashkent .

In 1921 he was enrolled in the staff of the Engelhart Observatory of Kazan University . By this time, he was already known for his participation in the hydrographic expedition to study the Arctic Ocean, where he first made radio-telegraphic determination of longitudes. Upon returning from the expedition using radio telegraph signals of time, the Paris Observatory made nine independent definitions of the longitude of Kazan AO ^[1] .

In 1920–1923 he made three polar expeditions in which he applied the method using the Burau International de l'heure radio telegraph signals for determining geographical coordinates. The theoretical development of the method was carried out at the Kazan Astronomical Observatory .

According to the review of Professor P. I. Preobrazhensky ,

"the work of A. I. Nefediev is of great scientific and practical importance. He is currently one of the very few specialists in the international time service in Russia, and stands out for his breadth of approach to the issue and enormous organizational abilities. ... No doubt, not far off in the future, the name of this young scientist will become well-known not only in Russia, but also abroad " ^[2] .

While working at Perm University , A.N. Nefedyev proposed a program for creating an astronomical center in the Urals , which could become both an educational and auxiliary institution, and a scientific center, as well as a starting point for all astronomical and geodetic works in the region. His works were published in Perm , Kazan , Omsk .

For 1920-1925 he took part in six polar expeditions. The last years of his life devoted much effort to organizing an international latitudinal observatory named after Ulug Bek in Kitab . ^[1] .

According to the report of Professor M.F. Subbotin, a conference on the study of the productive forces of Central Asia in 1926 decided to create a time laboratory in the observatory. A. N. Nefediev took up its organization. Scientific equipment was purchased for the laboratory (the main instrument, an anti-aircraft telescope, with which continuous observations of latitude were to be made, was ordered by the German firm Askania-Werke , and the exact watch by Rifler in Munich ^[3] ), a broadcast line was created connecting the observatory with radio transmitter, and in April 1928, the transmission of accurate time signals began, used in astronomical, geodetic, gravimetric, seismometric and other works. In addition, from the beginning of its work, the laboratory, together with other laboratories in the world, provided the value of the basic unit of measurement of time, the average solar second, accepted in natural science ^[4] .

Son-in-law of the botanist A.G. Genkel (was married to his daughter Olga). According to contemporaries, he was “a good, decent man” ^[5] .

for calculating geographical coordinates

“Methods for determining geographic coordinates on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. (Radio telegraph in astronomy) ”(report abstract);

“Determination of longitudes using time signals (astronomical work in the Gulf of Ob)”;

by time radio signals

• “On the observation of time radio signals by the screening method”;
• “On the question of the radiotelegraph service of time and its application in astronomical works”;
• “Processing observations of automatic recording of comparisons of chronometers”;
• “A diagram of the installation of equipment during experiments performed in December 1922 in the astronomical office of Ubekosibiri”;
• “On the mechanical recording of radio signals” (abstract);
• "Astronomical work in the Gulf of Ob in 1920-1923. (Time signals and their application to the determination of longitudes) ";

in geophysics

• “Magnetic observations in the Irtysh, Ob, Ob Bay and the Kara Sea in 1923”

See also: ^[6]

• Hydrographic studies of the southeastern Kara Sea. Ob-Yenisei region / B. A. Sergeevsky; Hydrographic control Glavsevmorput at the SNK of the USSR, L., 1936. P. 122-123 (images 1 and 2 ).
• Nefedyev Alexander Nikolaevich (1887-1929) // Polar Post.
• Nefedyev Alexander Nikolaevich (1887-1929) [2] // Russians in Uzbekistan. Part II The contribution of Russians to the development of science, economy and culture of Uzbekistan.
• Oshurkova R. A. Nefedyev Alexander Nikolaevich // Professors of Perm State University: (1916-2001) / Ch. Ed .: V.V. Malanin . Perm: Publishing house Perm. University, 2001.419 s. S. 135-136.
• Ostroumov B.A. Nefediev A.N. (Obituary). Russian astronomical calendar. Variable part, year ed. 33rd, 193.P. 192-199.
• Pokrovsky K.D. May 15, p. Professor Y. N. Nefedyev died in Tashkent // Nature . 1929. No. 6. P. 583.
• Pokrovsky K.D. New latitudinal station in Turkestan // Nature . 1928. No. 5. P. 490-491.
• The educational activities of the department during the direction of D.I. Dubyago // 200 years of Kazan astronomy (part 3). Kazan University .
• Yakovkin A.A. , Nefediev A.N. Astronomical journal. 1929. T. 6. Issue. 3-4. S. 302-303.