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Terrorism in Germany

Terrorism in Germany in the modern period is represented, first of all, by international Islamist terrorism . For the first time, a wave of terror swept through West Germany in the 1970s, when members of the left-wing radical group " Red Army Faction " inspired fear in the FRG. At the same time, left-wing terror has always been of a national nature and has been directed against senior officials of the state and business, adjusted for casualties from their close circle. The goal of Islamist terrorists is to kill as many people as possible [1] .

History and Trends

Left Terror

RAF attack at Ramstein airbase August 31, 1981

The origins of leftist terrorism in Germany can be traced to student movements in the 1960s. In 1970, the terrorist group " Red Army Faction " (RAF) was born in the Federal Republic of Germany, whose peak activity occurred in 1977, which later became known as " German Autumn ." In the 1980s, RAF activity declined significantly, while the country was shocked by the high-profile killings of political and economic representatives of the “capitalist system” committed by the terrorist group “ Revolutionary Cells ”. Thus, for a long time terrorism in Germany was associated, first of all, with radical left terror [2] .

Most leftist attacks in Germany were committed by members of the Red Army Faction (RAF) and occurred in the 1970s and 1980s. For more than 28 years, RAF members have committed bank robberies, high-profile political killings and terrorist acts. A total of 34 people were killed by RAF terrorists [1] [3] . Leftist terrorism came to naught with the collapse of the socialist system. In 1992, RAF members announced the end of the “armed struggle”, and in 1998 officially dissolved [2] .

Far-Right and Neo-Nazi Terrorism

Demonstration in Solingen in front of a burned-out house in which a Turkish family lived, June 1993

The first right-wing terrorist attacks in Germany took place in the 1980s, but they did not have the magnitude and resonance of the Left Terror. In November 2011, the National Socialist Underground terrorist group was uncovered, whose members from 2000 to 2007 committed several killings of people with a migrant past.

Islamist terrorism

 
Breitscheidplatz Christmas market in the morning after the attack , Berlin, December 20, 2016

In recent years, the main danger in Germany is international Islamist terrorism . The Islamist networks in Germany primarily rely on people with migrant roots and envelopes . Of particular concern to German security services are radical Salafi networks [2] . In addition, special services have noted an increase in the radicalization of Islamists with Chechen and Dagestan roots [4] .

According to German security services, the number of potential Islamist terrorists ( German islamistische Gefährder ), that is, persons representing a potential threat to public safety, has increased several times over the past five years. So, if at the beginning of 2011 special services included 131 people in this list, at the beginning of 2015 - 266 people, in June 2015 - 330 people, in December 2016 - 549 people [5] [6] . At the beginning of February 2017, according to the criminal police , their number was officially 570 people. Half of them were in Germany, including 90 in prisons. In February 2017, 760 criminal cases against more than 1,000 people were suspected of involvement in Islamic terrorism [7] . By the end of 2017, the number of people assessed as potential Islamist terrorists ( German islamistische Gefährder ) increased to 720 people, of whom about 30 were women and children [8] . According to the German Ministry of Internal Affairs, thanks to the German special services, three Islamist terrorist acts were prevented in 2017 [9] .

According to intelligence agencies, more than 900 people left Germany after 2012 on the territory of Syria and Iraq in order to participate in armed operations. At least 70 of them have irrefutable evidence of their active participation in battles or in the training of militants in the armed camp. There is information about 145 people who died in Syria and Iraq, and 280 people who returned to Germany [7] . In total, according to the report of the Federal Constitutional Protection Service , more than 14 thousand potential Islamists live in Germany, of which more than 8 thousand are members of Salafist organizations [6] .

The first fatal Islamic attack in Germany was an attack on American soldiers at Frankfurt Airport on March 2, 2011 [10] . The largest number of victims had a terrorist attack at the Christmas market in Berlin on December 19, 2016, as a result of which 12 were killed and more than 50 people were injured. In February 2017, the German Bundestag passed a law prescribing the wearing of " electronic bracelets " for all persons on the list of potential terrorists [11] .

Europol reports (since 2006)

 
Europol member countries (highlighted in blue)

Europol, in its statistics and reports, classifies terrorist attacks on their ideological basis and annually since 2006 publishes statistics on the number of committed, failed and foiled terrorist acts by EU countries .

Arrested on suspicion of preparing or carrying out terrorist attacks in Germany
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006Amount
Islamist2521sixteenfive6nineteen9foureight3eleven127
Separatistfourfive202four140oneeightfour44
Left radicalone906022one3fourfive33
Right radicalfivefour000five0000014
Customized000000000000
Not classified0one000000000one
Total354018eleveneightthirty25five121520219
A source[12][13][14][15][sixteen][17][18][nineteen][nineteen][nineteen][20]
Committed, failed and foiled terrorist attacks in Germany
20162015201420132012201120102009200820072006Amount
Islamistfour00000000oneone6
Separatist00000000015015
Left radical00000one000fourten15
Right radical000000000000
Customized000000000000
Not classifiedone00000000023
Totalfive0000one000201339
A source[12][13][14][15][sixteen][17][18][nineteen][nineteen][nineteen][20]

Timeline of terrorist attacks in Germany

The table contains a list of all terrorist attacks committed in Germany in the postwar period. The list may not be complete.

dateLandA placeDeadThe woundedNotes
July 28, 2017 Hamburgone6
In the EDEKA supermarket, a 50-year-old man was killed with a kitchen knife taken right from the counter and several more shoppers were wounded, as well as several random passers-by already on the street, whom the criminal wounded while fleeing (only 5 people). The terrorist was disarmed and detained by witnesses of what happened and then handed over to the arriving police, one of the men who detained the terrorist was also injured. The attack was committed by a rejected 26-year-old Palestinian refugee awaiting deportation [21] [22] .
April 11, 2017 Dortmund02
As a result of the explosion of three low-power bombs hidden along the road, a bus with a club team was blown up, as a result of which the club’s central defender Mark Bart and a police officer accompanying the bus on a motorcycle were injured [23] During the investigation, 28-year-old Sergey V. was detained. having Russian and German citizenship [24] .
December 19, 2016 Berlin1250+The attack on the Christmas market in Berlin
The attack was carried out by hitting a truck with wagons on visitors to the Christmas market in the city center. As a result of the attack, 12 people were killed, more than 50 were injured. The terrorist turned out to be 24-year-old Tunisian Anis Amri, who requested refugee status, which he was denied. The man was expecting deportation. The criminal escaped and was killed in Italy in a shootout with the police. The Islamic State claimed responsibility for the attack [25] .
July 24, 2016 Ansbach015
An improvised explosive device was launched during a music festival in a crowd of people, injuring 15 people. The terrorist himself died during the explosion. He was a 27-year-old Syrian, Mohammad Dalil, who was denied refugee status. The man was expecting deportation. In a subsequently released video, a man takes the oath of allegiance to the IG [26] .
July 22, 2016 Munichten37The massacre in Munich
An 18-year-old native of Munich, David Sonboli, who has Iranian roots, opened fire on visitors to the McDonald's restaurant, then on passers-by in front of the restaurant, and then on visitors to the opposite shopping center, and then disappeared. As a result of the tragedy, nine people were killed and five injured - all migrant victims. Another 32 people were injured as a result of the panic that swept the city in its various parts, including those remote from the scene. Three hours later, the shooter himself committed suicide near the scene. Despite the numerous evidence that the criminal has right-wing views, the crime is officially assessed as amok , although public debate to assess events as a right-wing terrorist attack has not stopped to this day.
July 18, 2016 Wurzburg0five
The 17-year-old Islamist Riaz Khan Ahmadzai, posing as a refugee from Afghanistan, armed with an ax and a knife, attacked passengers on a regional train, seriously injuring 4 passengers, and then an accidental passerby after escaping from a train. The terrorist was shot dead by police during the persecution. After some time, a video appeared in which the terrorist takes an oath to the “Islamic State” [26] [27] .
April 16, 2016 Essen03
Three 16-year-old Islamists bombed a Hindu wedding with an explosive device. Terrorists are arrested and prosecuted [26] .
February 26, 2016 Hanover0onePolice attack in Hanover
Safia S., a 15-year-old girl with Moroccan roots, stabbed a police officer at a train station with a kitchen knife. The terrorist was arrested and brought to trial. According to the investigation, the girl was imbued with the ideas of jihadism and came into contact with the ideologists of the Islamic State through the Internet [26] .
March 2, 2011 Frankfurt22The shooting of American soldiers at the Frankfurt Airport
21-year-old Kosovo Albanian Arid Uka opened fire on American soldiers at Frankfurt International Airport, causing two soldiers to be killed and two more injured. The terrorist was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment in February 2012 [26] [27] .
June 9, 2004 Koln022
As a result of a bomb bombing stuffed with nails, 22 people were injured, four of them were severe. The explosion occurred on the street with numerous Turkish cafes, restaurants and shops. Only seven years later in 2011, responsibility for the terrorist attack was assigned to the radical right group " National Socialist Underground " [28] .
January 19, 2001 Koln0oneThe attack in the Iranian store in Cologne
As a result of the bomb blast left in the candy box at the grocery store, a 19-year-old girl, whose family owned the store, was seriously injured. The box was left by one of the buyers and lay untouched for almost a month, until the girl decided to open it. Responsibility for the attack belongs to the neo-Nazi group NSU [29] .
July 27, 2000 Dusseldorfoneten
As a result of a bomb explosion at the Düsseldorf-Verhan train station, 10 people were seriously injured who left language courses for migrants. One of the victims was pregnant and lost a child as a result of the attack. All the victims are migrants from the former USSR: six people of Jewish origin and four “ Russian Germans ”. The case was not disclosed until January 2017. [30] [31]
April 29, 2000 Hamburg09
As a result of a grenade explosion at J's disco in the Hamburg district of St. Pauli, nine people were seriously injured. The terrorist was a Turkish citizen living in Hamburg. The offender was sentenced to 12 years and 9 months in prison, and after serving his sentence he was deported to Turkey [32] [33] .
March 9, 1999 Saarbrücken00
In the building where the exhibition dedicated to the Wehrmacht crimes in 1941-1944, organized by the Hamburg Institute for Social Research , a bomb detonated at 4:40 a.m. There were no injuries, but material damage amounted to several hundred thousand euros. According to the official version, the attack is attributed to the right-wing radicals [34] . By 2017, the crime remains unsolved.
January 18, 1996 Lubeckten55
As a result of the fire in a refugee hostel, 10 people died in the fire - three adults and seven children. All the dead are refugees from Zaire, Angola, Togo and Lebanon. The crime was never solved [35] [36] .
May 29, 1993 SolingenfiveeightArson in Solingen
As a result of the arson of a house in which a large Turkish family of 19 people lived, five were killed (including three children), and another 8 family members were injured. The crime was committed by four natives of the city 16-23 years old, who were soon arrested and convicted. The crime was committed with racist motives [37] .
November 23, 1992 Möln39
Two right-wing extremists 19 and 25 in the middle of the night threw several Molotov cocktails into two apartment buildings in which Turkish families lived. The residents of the first house managed to escape, in the second house, two girls of 9 and 14 years old and their 51-year-old grandmother were killed in the fire. Also, a total of 9 residents of both houses received serious injuries. The criminals were sentenced to 7.5 and 15 years. [38] [39]
November 30, 1989 Bad HomburgoneoneThe assassination of the head of Deutsche Bank
As a result of the explosion of a bomb hidden in a children's bike parked on the side of the road, the car of the head of Deutsche Bank was blown up. Alfred Herrhausen died from his injuries, his driver was also seriously injured, but survived. The attack is attributed to the RAF , but the crime still remains unrevealed [40] .
July 9, 1986 Strasslach20The assassination of Karl Hines-Beckurts
A bomb detonated on the road and controlled remotely resulted in a car bomb in which physicist and member of the Siemens governing council and his driver were located. Both died on the spot. Members of the RAF claimed responsibility for the attack, but the perpetrators of the attack have not yet been established [41] .
April 4, 1986 West Berlin3250+Terrorist attack at the La Belle disco
As a result of a bomb explosion at the La Belle disco in Friedenau (West Berlin), three people were killed. More than 250 visitors to the disco were injured, of which 28 were severe. The disco was known as a resting place for black American soldiers. Only in 2001, three terrorists were convicted, among them - a native of Lebanon , his ex-wife - a native of the GDR and a native of Libya . As a result of the investigation, it was possible to establish terrorist ties with the Libyan intelligence services and the intelligence services of the GDR [42] [43] .
November 29, 1985 Frankfurt034Terrorist attack in the American supermarket PX
As a result of an explosion of a bomb planted in a parked car next to the trading complex of the American network , serving exclusively the US military, 34 people were injured. Suspects have not yet been identified [44] .
August 8, 1985 Frankfurt220
RAF terrorists with the participation of the French organization Action directe blew up a car at an American air base located in the northern part of Frankfurt Airport. The explosion killed 2 people, 23 were injured. In addition, on the night before the attack, one soldier was killed, whose documents the terrorists used to drive a car with explosives into the base.
June 19, 1985 Frankfurtfour42Terrorist attack at Frankfurt Airport
As a result of a bomb explosion in the landing hall at Frankfurt Airport , three people were killed, including two children, 42 people were injured. A few days later, another of the victims also died from cardiac arrest. Several different terrorist organizations simultaneously claimed responsibility for the attack, but the crime has not yet been solved [45] [46] .
August 25, 1983 West Berlinone23
At 11:20 a.m., a bomb exploded on the top floor of the French House in Kurfürstendamm , resulting in the complete destruction of the top two floors of the building. The explosion killed one person, another 23 were injured. The investigation established that the bomb was planted by Lebanese Mustafa Ahmed El Sibadi by order of the Armenian separatist group ASALA . Members of the West German “ Revolutionary Cells ” Johannes Weinrich and famous terrorist Carlos also took part in the preparation of the attack. After declassifying documents from the GDR, it also became clear that the special services of the GDR were aware of the impending terrorist attack [43] [47] [48] .
January 15, 1982 West Berlinone13The attack in the Jewish restaurant "Mifgash"
As a result of a bomb explosion at the Mifgash restaurant in Wilmersdorf , 14 people were injured, including a one-year-old girl who died a few days later from her injuries. The Palestinian terrorist organization May 15th claimed responsibility for the attack, but the police failed to identify the perpetrators of the attack [43] .
August 31, 1981 Ramstein-Miesenbach020Terrorist attack at Ramstein airbase
As a result of the explosion at the American Ramstein air base , arranged by terrorists from the RAF , 20 people were injured.
September 26, 1980 Munich13211Oktoberfest attack
Late in the evening at 10:19 p.m. an explosion occurred near the entrance to the Oktoberfest in Munich, as a result of which 12 were killed and 211 festival visitors were injured, 86 of them were serious injuries. The investigation found that the bomb was fired by 21-year-old student Gundolf Köhler , a member of the right-wing radical group , who also died in the explosion [49] .
September 5, 1972 Munich170The attack at the Olympic Games in Munich
Eight terrorists of the Palestinian Black September gang stormed the apartments of an Israeli sports team in an Olympic village. After shooting two Israeli athletes trying to resist, the terrorists took the nine remaining members of the Israeli team hostage and demanded the release of Palestinian prisoners in Israel and two RAF prisoner terrorists in Stuttgart prisons. As a result of the failed special operation, all Israeli hostages were killed. In addition, one German policeman and five of the terrorists died [50] [51] .
May 24, 1972 Heidelberg3fiveTerrorist attack at US Army European Headquarters
The latest in a series of May attacks by RAF . As a result of the explosion of two bombs placed in the luggage compartment of cars parked in front of the European headquarters of the US Army , three were killed and five more were injured.
May 19, 1972 Hamburg036The attack in the building of Springer Publishing House
Terrorist attack from a series of May attacks of RAF . As a result of the explosion of several bombs planted by members of the June 2 faction in the Springer Publishing House , 36 people were injured. Three of the five planted bombs did not work [52] .
May 11, 1972 Augsburg and Munich0tenPolice attacks in Bavaria
The second of a series of May attacks of RAF . As a result of the explosion of two bombs in the Augsburg police station, 5 people were injured. On the same day, as a result of a bomb explosion in a parking lot near the Bavarian Police Headquarters in Munich, five policemen were injured [53] .
May 11, 1972 Frankfurtone13Terrorist attack in a complex of buildings of military and government institutions of the United States
The first of a series of RAF attacks in May 1972 . Two bombs were planted at the entrance to the building complex, which housed the headquarters of the Fifth US Army Complex, the European Command of the US Armed Forces and the CIA headquarters in Germany. A third bomb exploded in an officers' lounge.
February 13, 1970 Munich715
As a result of the arson of a nursing home belonging to the Jewish community, 7 people died (two of whom survived Nazi camps), another 15 were injured. Also, the fire destroyed a large library of the Jewish cultural center. The crime is still unsolved [54] [55] [56] [57] .
February 10, 1970 MunichoneelevenAttack at Munich Airport
As a result of the terrorist act committed by Palestinian terrorists at the Munich-Rome airport, one passenger was killed and 11 passengers were injured by an El Al Israeli airline, which made a transit landing on its way to London. The attacks were carried out using hand grenades [58] [59] .

Counterterrorism in Germany

Anti-terrorism legislation

The first anti-terrorism laws were passed in Germany in 1974 and 1976 in the wake of the RAF attacks. For example, § 129a “Creation and support of a terrorist association” ( German: Bildung terroristischer Vereinigung ) was first introduced into the German Federal Code . At the same time, a provision was introduced in the FRG criminal law that guaranteed the exemption from criminal prosecution of members of terrorist associations who were not involved in terrorist acts, if they cooperated with law enforcement agencies to solve terrorist crimes or if they prevent terrorist attacks. In addition, a ban was introduced in the criminal procedure legislation of the Federal Republic of Germany on the representation of several accused of terrorism by the same defense attorney [1] .

The new § 129a of the Criminal Code of the Federal Republic of Germany was adopted during the reign of Chancellor Helmut Schmidt ( SPD ) despite the protests of the CDU / CSU , which this law seemed too soft. The law entered into force on August 18, 1976 [60] . In 1986, under pressure from CDU and FDP, the law was still tightened. So, the list of acts that could be interpreted as terrorist activities has expanded significantly. In addition, the terms of imprisonment for the creation of a terrorist organization and membership in it were increased: the minimum term is from six months to a year and the maximum is from 5 to 10 years. After the September 11 attacks, the German Penal Code in 2002 also introduced additional § 129b, extending the provisions of § 129 “Creating a criminal association” ( German: Bildung krimineller Vereinigungen ) and § 129a “Creating a terrorist association” ( German: Bildung krimineller Vereinigungen ) to foreign organizations. Since the adoption of the “anti-terrorism paragraph” as of 2014, a total of 236 criminal cases were initiated and 205 people were convicted [61] .

Fighting Islamist Terrorism

  • In April 2002, German law enforcement agencies opened an Islamist cell in Rurgebit, planning attacks in the Jewish center in Berlin and a Jewish restaurant in Dusseldorf [62] .
  • On July 31, 2006, an attempt was made to carry out a terrorist attack at the main station of Cologne . Two Islamists left their suitcases with explosives in two regional trains following the routes Cologne-Koblenz and Cologne-Hamm. Fortunately, the explosive device did not work, as it later turned out, due to a technical error in the manufacture of the bomb. One of the terrorists was sentenced to life imprisonment in Germany, the other in Lebanon to 12 years in prison [26] [27] [62] .
  • In September 2007, an Islamist cell was discovered in Sauerland , the members of which planned several attacks at discotheques, airports and US departments in Germany. Three terrorists (two Convert Germans and one Turkish), as well as one accomplice, were sentenced to various prison terms from 5 to 12 years [26] [27] [62]
  • In January 2011, another Islamic group of al-Qaeda supporters was revealed in Dusseldorf , consisting of three people (one Moroccan, as well as two German citizens of Moroccan and Iraqi origin) and planning terrorist attacks in Germany. In December of that year, a fourth member of the group was arrested in Bochum . All terrorists were sentenced to long sentences [27] [62] .
  • On December 10, 2012, a bag with an explosive device was found at Bonn 's main train station. After years of investigation and trial in April 2017, the 29-year-old Islamist (German convert ) was sentenced to life imprisonment [63] [64] .
  • In April 2015, a couple was arrested in Oberursel planning a terrorist attack at an international cycling race in Frankfurt am Main. The man was convicted; the case was dismissed against his wife [27] .
  • In May 2016, three Syrians were arrested in different cities, suspected of having ties to the Islamic State and preparing a terrorist attack in the center of Dusseldorf using explosives and firearms [27] .
  • In September 2016, a 16-year-old Syrian refugee was arrested in a Cologne refugee dormitory on charges of terrorist attack. A court in Cologne found him guilty and on April 10 sentenced him to two years in prison in a juvenile prison. [65]
  • In October 2016, a 22-year-old Syrian refugee Jaber al-Bakr was arrested in Leipzig , in which one and a half kilograms of explosives were discovered. The man hanged himself in his cell two days after his arrest. The police also detained two accomplices of the terrorist [26] [27] .
  • In Ludwigshafen, a 12-year-old teenager twice unsuccessfully tried to launch a terrorist attack. For the first time on November 26, 2016, the teenager failed to launch a homemade explosive device stuffed with nails at the Christmas market, and the second time on December 5, he left him in a bag in the square near the town hall, where he was arrested. The investigation is underway [26] .

List of Extremist Organizations Banned in Germany

The following lists include organizations whose activities on the territory of Germany were prohibited by the German Ministry of the Interior [66] .

Foreign Left-wing Extremist Organizations

Full name of organizationdate
Kurdistan Workers Party
Kurdistan National Liberation Front
Federation of Workers and Cultural Organizations of Kurdistan in Germany (FEYKA-Kurdistan)
Kurdistan Committee (Kurdistan-Komitee)		11/22/1993[67]
Kurdistan Informationsbüro02/20/1995[67]
Revolutionary People's Liberation Party-Front08/06/1998[67]
08/06/1998[67]
VIKO Fernseh Produktion GmbH , Mesopotamia Broadcast A / S and Roj TV06/13/2008[68]

Islamic extremist organizations

Full name of organizationdate
a ban
Kalifatsstaat (Hilafet Devleti)2001[69]
al-aqsa07/31/2002[69]
Hizb ut-Tahrir01/10/2003[69]
Yeni Akit GmbH02.22.2005[69]
Bremer hilfswerk06/29/2005[69]
YATIM-Kinderhilfe08/30/2005[69]
al-Manar TV10/29/2008[69]
Internationale Humanitäre Hilfsorganisation06/23/2010[69]
Millat Ibrahim (Millatu Ibrahim)05/29/2012[70]
DawaFFM and Internationaler Jugendverein - Dar al Schabab02/25/2013[69]
An -Nussrah02/25/2013[69]
DawaTeam Islamische Audios02/25/2013[69]
Waisenkinderprojekt libanon04/02/2014[69]
Islamic State (Islamischer Staat)09/12/2014[71]
Kultur & Familien Verein Bremen11/21/2014[72]
Tauhid germany03/26/2015[73] [74]
(Die wahre Religion)11/15/2016[75]
Fussilet 33 ( Fussilet 33 )02/20/2017[76] [77]
Немецкоязычный исламский центр Хильдесхайма (Deutschsprachiger Islamkreis Hildesheim)март 2017[78] [79]

Праворадикальные экстремистские организации

Полное наименование организацииГод запрета
Националистический фронт (Nationalistische Front)1992[80]
Немецкая альтернатива (Deutsche Alternative)1992[80]
Nationale Offensive1992[80]
Wiking-Jugend e. V.1994[80]
Свободная немецкая рабочая партия (Freiheitliche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei)1995[80]
Blood & Honour , включая White Youth2000[80]
Collegium Humanum и Bauernhilfe e. V.2008[80]
Verein zur Rehabilitierung der wegen Bestreitens des Holocaust Verfolgten2008[80]
Heimattreue Deutsche Jugend — Bund zum Schutz für Umwelt, Mitwelt und Heimat e. V.2009[80]
Hilfsorganisation für nationale politische Gefangene und deren Angehörige e. V.2011[80]
Altermedia Deutschland2016[80]
Weisse Wölfe Terrorcrew2016[80]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 Terror in Deutschland: Nicht nur das Ausmaß der Angst hat sich verändert (нем.) . RP online (22. Januar 2017). Date of treatment February 12, 2017. Archived February 13, 2017.
  2. ↑ 1 2 3 Handwörterbuch des politischen Systems der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Terrorismus (нем.) . Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung. Дата обращения 24 декабря 2016. Архивировано 4 декабря 2016 года.
  3. ↑ Chronik der RAF-Attentate (нем.) . RP Online. Дата обращения 28 декабря 2016. Архивировано 12 мая 2017 года.
  4. ↑ Terrorismus in Deutschland: Verfassungsschutz hat 100 Islamistenzellen im Visier (нем.) . Focus Online (19. Januar 2015). Дата обращения 12 февраля 2017. Архивировано 9 января 2016 года.
  5. ↑ Schwer zu überwachen und loszuwerden: Gefährder sind eine Plage für die Behörden (нем.) . n-tv (22. Dezember 2016). Дата обращения 24 декабря 2016. Архивировано 23 декабря 2016 года.
  6. ↑ 1 2 Кто угрожает общественной безопасности в Германии (неопр.) . Deutsche Welle (22 декабря 2016). Date of treatment December 23, 2016.
  7. ↑ 1 2 Innere Sicherheit: BKA führt 570 Islamisten als Gefährder (нем.) . Spiegel Online (2. Februar 2017). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 4 февраля 2017 года.
  8. ↑ Terrorismus: Mehrere Frauen und Kinder als Gefährder eingestuft (нем.) . Zeit Online (16. Dezember 2017). Дата обращения 17 декабря 2017. Архивировано 16 декабря 2017 года.
  9. ↑ De Maizière: In diesem Jahr schon drei Terroranschläge verhindert (нем.) . n-tv (16. Dezember 2017). Дата обращения 17 декабря 2017. Архивировано 26 марта 2018 года.
  10. ↑ Frankfurter Flughafen-Attentäter bekommt lebenslänglich (нем.) . Zeit online (10. Februar 2012). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 23 января 2017 года.
  11. ↑ Kabinett beschließt elektronische Fußfessel für Gefährder (нем.) . Die Zeit (1. Februar 2017). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 3 февраля 2017 года.
  12. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2017 (TE-SAT 2017), p. 49-50 (англ.) . Europol. Дата обращения 4 июля 2017. Архивировано 29 июля 2017 года.
  13. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2016 (TE-SAT 2016), p. 44-45 (англ.) . Europol (20 July 2016). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 3 августа 2016 года.
  14. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2015 (TE-SAT 2015), p. 40-41 (англ.) . Europol (6 July 2015). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 16 августа 2016 года.
  15. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2014 (TE-SAT 2014), p. 46-47 (англ.) . Europol (28 May 2014). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 1 августа 2016 года.
  16. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2013 (TE-SAT 2013), p. 42-43 (англ.) . Europol (25 April 2013). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 17 августа 2016 года.
  17. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2012 (TE-SAT 2012), p. 36-37 (англ.) . Europol (25 April 2012). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 16 августа 2016 года.
  18. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2011 (TE-SAT 2011), p. 36-37 (англ.) . Europol (19 April 2011). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 16 августа 2016 года.
  19. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2010 (TE-SAT 2010), p. 50-51 (англ.) . Europol (1 April 2010). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 16 августа 2016 года.
  20. ↑ 1 2 European Union terrorism situation and trend report 2008 (TE-SAT 2008), p. 50-51 (англ.) . Europol (1 April 2008). Дата обращения 30 июля 2016. Архивировано 17 августа 2016 года.
  21. ↑ Messerangriff in Hamburg: Sicherheitskreise: Täter war als Islamist bekannt (нем.) . Der Tagesspiegel (28. Juli 2017). Date of treatment July 28, 2017. Archived July 28, 2017.
  22. ↑ Messerattacke: Haftbefehl gegen 26-Jährigen (нем.) . NDR (30. Juli 2017). Дата обращения 20 августа 2017. Архивировано 28 августа 2017 года.
  23. ↑ Anschlag in Dortmund — Was wir wissen, was nicht (нем.) . Welt N24 (12. April 2017). Дата обращения 12 апреля 2017. Архивировано 12 апреля 2017 года.
  24. ↑ Mutmaßlicher Attentäter festgenommen: Die Hintergründe des Anschlags auf den BVB (нем.) . Spiegel Online (21. April 2017). Дата обращения 28 июля 2017. Архивировано 16 июня 2017 года.
  25. ↑ Der Terroranschlag von Berlin — eine Chronik (нем.) . Die Welt (23. Dezember 2016). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 30 декабря 2016 года.
  26. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Islamistischer Terror in Deutschland: Viele Anschlagsversuche missglückt (нем.) . taz (23. Dezember 2016). Дата обращения 23 декабря 2016. Архивировано 24 декабря 2016 года.
  27. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Крупнейшие попытки терактов в Германии за последние 10 лет (неопр.) . Deutsche Welle (20 декабря 2016). Date of treatment December 20, 2016.
  28. ↑ NSU-Anschlag in Kölner Keupstraße: Zehn Jahre Vorurteile (нем.) . Spiegel Online (8. Juni 2014). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 12 июня 2017 года.
  29. ↑ NSU-Anschlag in Köln: Die Bombe in der Stollendose (нем.) . n-tv (3. Juni 2014). Дата обращения 12 февраля 2017. Архивировано 11 июля 2016 года.
  30. ↑ Anschlag im Jahr 2000: SEK nimmt mutmaßlichen Bomber von Düsseldorf fest (нем.) . Spiegel Online (1. Februar 2017). Дата обращения 3 февраля 2017. Архивировано 2 февраля 2017 года.
  31. ↑ Bombe in Düsseldorf: Festnahme 16 Jahre nach Anschlag (нем.) . Tagesschau (1. Februar 2017). Дата обращения 3 февраля 2017. Архивировано 2 февраля 2017 года.
  32. ↑ Explosion: Verletzte nach Anschlag auf Hamburger Disko (нем.) . Spiegel online (29. April 2000). Дата обращения 5 июня 2017. Архивировано 25 февраля 2017 года.
  33. ↑ Disco-Anschlag: Handgranaten-Werfer muss zwölf Jahre hinter Gitter (нем.) . Spiegel online (22. Februar 2001). Дата обращения 5 июня 2017. Архивировано 19 октября 2016 года.
  34. ↑ Sprengstoffanschlag auf Wehrmacht-Ausstellung (нем.) . Die Welt (10. März 1999). Дата обращения 17 декабря 2017. Архивировано 26 марта 2018 года.
  35. ↑ Die Brandnacht (нем.) . NDR (19. Januar 2016). Дата обращения 12 февраля 2017. Архивировано 14 января 2017 года.
  36. ↑ Lübecker Brandanschlag 1996 (нем.) . Zeit Online (14. März 2013). Дата обращения )2017-02-12. Архивировано 26 января 2015 года.
  37. ↑ Ausländerfeindlicher Anschlag in Solingen: Das Brandmal (нем.) (27. Mai 2013). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 29 марта 2017 года.
  38. ↑ Brandanschläge von Mölln: "Wenn ich Böller höre, kommt alles wieder hoch" (нем.) . Spiegel Online (20. November 2012). Дата обращения 12 февраля 2017. Архивировано 19 февраля 2017 года.
  39. ↑ Mölln 1992: Neonazis ermorden drei Menschen (нем.) . NDR (2012-1115). Дата обращения 12 февраля 2017. Архивировано 1 февраля 2017 года.
  40. ↑ Herrhausen-Attentat: Tod in der Lichtschranke (нем.) . Spiegel Online (30. November 2009). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 2 декабря 2016 года.
  41. ↑ Vor 25 Jahren: Das RAF-Attentat auf Karl Heinz Beckurts (нем.) . BR24 (4. August 2011). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 18 августа 2016 года.
  42. ↑ Diskothek La Belle in Berlin: Terror an der Tanzfläche (нем.) . Der Tagesspiegel (5. April 2016). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 28 апреля 2017 года.
  43. ↑ 1 2 3 Berlin war schon mehrfach Ziel von Terroranschlägen (нем.) . Der Tagesspiegel (20. Dezember 2016). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 23 декабря 2016 года.
  44. ↑ Bombing at PX in Frankfurt wounds 34 (англ.) . The New York Times (25 November 1985). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 19 апреля 2017 года.
  45. ↑ Frankfurt: Der vergessene Anschlag (нем.) . Frankfurter Rundschau (15. Juni 2015). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 25 августа 2016 года.
  46. ↑ Bombenanschlag vor 30 Jahren: Das Rätsel vom Frankfurter Flughafen (нем.) . FAZ (11. Juni 2015). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 9 марта 2017 года.
  47. ↑ Anschlag aufgeklärt (нем.) . Der Spiegel (11. Februar 1991). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 10 мая 2016 года.
  48. ↑ Sprengstoff von der Stasi (нем.) . Zeit online (3. Mai 1991). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 12 ноября 2016 года.
  49. ↑ 35 Jahre nach Oktoberfest-Attentat in München: Ermittlungen zu Wiesn-Attentat werden neu aufgerollt (нем.) . Der Tagesspiegel (15. April 2015). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 2 октября 2017 года.
  50. ↑ Olympia-Attentat 1972: Das Trauma von München (нем.) . Spiegel online (5. September 2007). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2017. Архивировано 17 января 2017 года.
  51. ↑ München 1972 — das Protokoll einer Katastrophe (нем.) . Die Welt (5. August 2012). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2017. Архивировано 27 июня 2017 года.
  52. ↑ Der Tag, an dem die RAF Axel Springer angriff (нем.) . Die Welt (17. Mai 2012). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2017. Архивировано 1 декабря 2016 года.
  53. ↑ Die RAF: Blutspur durch Bayern (нем.) . Bayrischer Rundfunk (29. Dezember 2012). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2017. Архивировано 31 мая 2016 года.
  54. ↑ München: Brand ohne heiße Spur (нем.) . Die Zeit (20. Februar 1970). Дата обращения 5 июня 2017. Архивировано 5 октября 2017 года.
  55. ↑ Attentat: Ein Anruf an Schabbat (неопр.) . Judische Allgemeine (11 февраля 2010). Дата обращения 5 июня 2017. Архивировано 21 мая 2017 года.
  56. ↑ Report: Ein kalter Fall, der weiter schwelt (нем.) . Focus, Nr. 27 (2012) (2. Juli 2012). Дата обращения 5 июня 2017. Архивировано 29 декабря 2017 года.
  57. ↑ Attentat auf jüdisches Altenheim: Der vergessene Anschlag (нем.) . Abendzeitung München (6. Februar 2018). Дата обращения 7 марта 2018. Архивировано 8 марта 2018 года.
  58. ↑ Araber-Anschlag: Terror in Riem (нем.) . Die Zeit (13. Februar 1970). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2017. Архивировано 16 февраля 2017 года.
  59. ↑ Warum Terroristen immer wieder Flughäfen angreifen (нем.) . Die Welt (22. März 2016). Дата обращения 11 февраля 2017. Архивировано 16 февраля 2017 года.
  60. ↑ Gesetz zur Änderung des Strafgesetzbuches (нем.) . Bundesgesetzblatt (18. August 1976). Дата обращения 13 апреля 2017. Архивировано 14 декабря 2016 года.
  61. ↑ 1976: Anti-Terror-Paragraf wird eingeführt (нем.) . Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (16. August 2016). Дата обращения 15 февраля 2017. Архивировано 16 февраля 2017 года.
  62. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chronologie: Anschläge in Deutschland fast immer vereitelt (нем.) . Der Tagesspiegel. Дата обращения 24 декабря 2016. Архивировано 20 ноября 2015 года.
  63. ↑ Заложивший бомбу на вокзале Бонна исламист приговорен к пожизненному заключению (неопр.) . Deutsche Welle (3 апреля 2017). Date of appeal April 13, 2017.
  64. ↑ Terrorprozess: Lebenslange Haft für versuchten Anschlag in Bonn (нем.) . Spiegel Online (3. April 2017). Дата обращения 3 апреля 2017. Архивировано 3 апреля 2017 года.
  65. ↑ Суд в Кельне приговорил беженца из Сирии к 2 годам тюрьмы за планы теракта (неопр.) . Deutsche Welle (10 апреля 2017). Date of appeal April 13, 2017.
  66. ↑ Vereinsverbote (нем.) . Bundesministerium des Innern. Архивировано 6 июля 2015 года.
  67. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Verbotene ausländerextremistische Organisationen (нем.) . Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (31. Dezember 2013). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 29 января 2017 года.
  68. ↑ Innenministerium verbietet kurdischen Fernsehsender (нем.) . Der Tagesspiegel (24. Juni 2008). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 26 марта 2018 года.
  69. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Verbotene islamistische Organisationen (нем.) . Bundesministerium des Innern (8. Juli 2016). Дата обращения 27 декабря 2016. Архивировано 9 января 2017 года.
  70. ↑ Salafisten: Razzia und Vereinsverbot (нем.) . Bundesministerium des Innern (14. Juni 2012). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 7 февраля 2017 года.
  71. ↑ De Maizière verbietet Betätigung der Terrororganisation "Islamischer Staat" in Deutschland (нем.) . Bundesministerium des Innern (12. September 2014). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 22 декабря 2016 года.
  72. ↑ Verbot des Vereins „Kultur & Familien Verein eV“ (нем.) . Bundesanzeiger (23. März 2015). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. (недоступная ссылка)
  73. ↑ Vereinigung "Tauhid Germany" verboten und aufgelöst (нем.) . Bundesministerium des Innern (26. März 2015). Архивировано 20 марта 2017 года.
  74. ↑ Hintergrundinformationen zum Verbot des Vereins "Tauhid Germany" (нем.) . Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz. Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 23 сентября 2015 года.
  75. ↑ Pressemitteilung zum Vereinsverbot der Vereinigung "Die wahre Religion" (нем.) . Bundesministerium des Innern (15. November 2016). Дата обращения 4 февраля 2017. Архивировано 29 января 2017 года.
  76. ↑ Bekanntmachung eines Vereinsverbots gegen den Verein „Fussilet 33 eV“ (нем.) . Bundesanzeiger (20. Februar 2017). Дата обращения 9 апреля 2017. (недоступная ссылка)
  77. ↑ В Берлине запрещен мусульманский союз «Фуссилет 33» (неопр.) . Deutsche Welle (28 февраля 2017). Date of appeal April 13, 2017.
  78. ↑ В Германии закрыт центр рекрутирования боевиков ИГ (неопр.) . Deutsche Welle (14 марта 2017). Date of appeal April 13, 2017.
  79. ↑ Salafistenorganisation "Islamkreis Hildesheim" verboten (нем.) . Tagesspiegel (14. März 2017). Дата обращения 9 апреля 2017. Архивировано 9 апреля 2017 года.
  80. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Verbotene rechtsextremistische Organisationen (нем.) . Bundesministerium des Innern (6. Juli 2016). Дата обращения 27 декабря 2016. Архивировано 9 января 2017 года.

Links

  • Anti-Terror-Gesetze/Entwürfe und offizielle Stellungnahmen (нем.) . Bürgerrechte & Polizei (4. Februar 2007). Дата обращения 13 апреля 2017.
  • Теракты в Германии за последний год: предотвращенные и состоявшиеся (неопр.) . Deutsche Welle (20 декабря 2016). Дата обращения 20 декабря 2016.
  • Chronologie: Islamistische Anschläge in Deutschland (German) . Berliner Zeitung (20. Dezember 2016). Date of treatment December 23, 2016.
  • 2016 - Jahr des Terrors für Deutschland (German) . Süddeutsche Zeitung (20. Dezember 2016). Date of treatment February 12, 2017.
  • Sicherheit in Deutschland: Was droht nach dem Jahr des Terrors? (German) . Der Tagesspiegel (26. Dezember 2016). Date of treatment February 12, 2017.
  • Würzburg und Ansbach: Wie der Terror nach Deutschland kam (German) . n-tv (Jul 26, 2016). Date of treatment February 12, 2017.
  • Islamistischer Terror in Deutschland: Chronologie des Schreckens (German) . Merkur.de (31. Oktober 2017). Date of treatment December 17, 2017.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Терроризм_в_Германии&oldid=97528143


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