Apamine is an octadec peptide isolated from bee venom , a strong neurotoxin .
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| Chem. formula | C₇₉H₁₃₁N₃₁O₂₄S₄ |
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Consists of 18 amino acids [1] . First isolated and purified in 1965 by Ernst Haberman .
It has neurotropic properties [2] , its central action is expressed in the development of prolonged tremor [2] . It can penetrate the blood-brain barrier [1] . Almost no antigenic and allergic properties [1] .
Perhaps this is one of the smallest polypeptide neurotoxins of natural origin [2] .
In experimental animals, apamine has been shown to increase learning ability and memory [2] .
- In bee venom
It makes up about 3% of the total amount of poison [1] [3] . It is noted that the contribution of apamine, despite its low content in bee venom, in the total biological activity of the latter is comparable to the action of melittin and other components [4] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Doctor of Sciences prof. A. E. Khomutov et al. Apitoxin therapy. Monograph. Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing House of the Nizhny Novgorod State University . 2015.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Gelashvili D. B. , Krylov V. N. , Romanova E. B. Zootoxinology: bioecological and biomedical aspects . Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing House of Nizhny Novgorod State University N.I. Lobachevsky , 2015.S. 311-313.
- ↑ Chen, J., and Lariviere, WR (2010). The nociceptive and antinociceptive effects of bee venom injection and therapy: A double-edged sword // Prog Neurobiol . 92: 151-83. PMC 2946189 .
- ↑ Academician Sh. M. Omarov et al. (Dagestan State Medical Academy) The role of bee venom and propolis in the structure of pharmacotherapy (2006) (p. 36)
Literature
- Moreno M., Giralt E. (2015). Three valuable peptides from bee and wasp venoms for therapeutic and biotechnological use: melittin, apamin and mastoparan. Toxins (Basel) 7 1126–1150. 10.3390 / toxins7041126