Tsakul, Michael Khristoforovich ( Polish. Michał Cakul , October 23, 1885 , Revel - August 21, 1937 , Moscow ) - a Catholic priest, the first and only abbot of the Moscow Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary before its closure in the 1930s years, the figure of the Catholic Church in Russia , the victim of political repression in the USSR .
| Mikhail Khristoforovich Tsakul | |
|---|---|
| Religion | Catholicism |
| Title | catholic priest |
| Date of Birth | October 23, 1885 |
| Place of Birth | Revel (now Tallinn ) |
| Date of death | August 21, 1937 (51 years) |
| Place of death | Moscow |
| A country |  Russian empire  the USSR |
Biography
Mikhail Tsakul was born in Revel (now Tallinn ) in a family of Polish origin. From an early age he served in a Catholic church, in 1901 he entered the St. Petersburg Roman Catholic Seminary . During the training, he was greatly influenced by his acquaintance with the priest Konstantin Budkevich [1] .
In 1908, after successful graduation from the seminary, he was ordained priest in the church of St. Catherine by Metropolitan Apollinaris Vnukovsky . After being ordained, he served in Gomel and the village of Rudnya-Shlyagin , in 1912–1916 he served as abbot of the Catholic Church in Simbirsk [1] .
After 1917 he served in Moscow , in the churches of the Apostles Peter and Paul and the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary .
Despite the fact that the Moscow Church of the Immaculate Conception was consecrated in 1911, it bore the status of a branch church and did not have its own superior. Only in 1919 he received an autonomous status and his abbot, who became the priest Michael Tsakul [2] . In addition to the duties of the abbot, he also served as chaplain of the Moscow Polish Center. He was on friendly terms with the priest and poet Sergey Solovyov [1] .
In the 1920s, repressions by the Soviet authorities struck the Catholic Church. Tsakul was arrested three times (in 1924, 1927 and 1929), but each time he was released after some time. In 1931, he was again arrested in the group case of the clergy and laity of the Catholic parishes of Moscow, and those arrested were accused of “having links with individual employees of the Polish embassy” and “raising children in an anti-Soviet spirit” [3] .
He was sentenced to exile and sent to Tambov . Two years later he received permission to return to Moscow, where he resumed priestly ministry [4] .
On May 3, 1937, he was arrested "for holding a mass on the day of the Polish national holiday at the request of the Polish ambassador" and other "illegal religious activities" [1] . Contained in Butyrskaya prison . On August 21, 1937, he was sentenced to death on charges of “spying, creating a spy network on the territory of the USSR to work for Polish intelligence and participating in a sabotage and terrorist organization” [5] , on the same day the sentence was carried out. He was buried at Donskoy Cemetery in the common grave No. 1 among other victims of repression [5] .
The Church of the Immaculate Conception was closed shortly after the execution of the abbot and was revived only at the end of the 20th century.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 “Tsakul” // Catholic Encyclopedia . T.5. M.: 2013. Art. 105-106
- ↑ The Cathedral - the heart of the Diocese / edit. and comp. I. Baranov. - M .: Franciscan Publishing House, 2009
- ↑ "In the shadow of the Lubyanka ..." On the fate of the priors of the Church of St. Louis of France in Moscow: the memories of Leopold Brown and a review of the materials of investigative affairs / Comp. I.I. Osipova - M.: Bratonezh, 2012. Pp. 35. ISBN 978-5-7873-0691-0
- ↑ "In the shadow of the Lubyanka ..." On the fate of the priors of the Church of St. Louis of France in Moscow: the memories of Leopold Brown and a review of the materials of investigative affairs / Comp. I.I. Osipova - M.: Bratonezh, 2012. Pp. 436-437. ISBN 978-5-7873-0691-0
- ↑ 1 2 Martyrology of those shot in Moscow and the Moscow Region
Literature
- "Tsakul" // The Catholic Encyclopedia . T.5. M.: 2013. Art. 105-106
Links
- Mikhail Tsakul. Martyrology of shot in Moscow and Moscow region
- Antoine Wenger . Rome and Moscow. 1900-1950