Nitsinsky ironworks

The plant was located in the territory of the modern village of Rudnoye (Sverdlovsk region) ^[1] and until 1741 it was called in the literature as “Nevyansk ore and iron ore” 15 versts from the village of Nevyansk settlement , and after the work of academician G.F. Miller only as the Nitsinsk iron-making the factory .

In 1628, swamp ore was found on the Nitsa River, which flows into the Tura River. The blacksmith of the Nevyansk prison, B. Kolmogorov, reported to the Siberian order about the discovery of iron ore on the Neiva (Nice) river ^[2] .

In 1629-1630, the Tobolsk son of the boyar, Ivan Shulgin, organized an ironworks near the mine and received the first production - 63 pounds of iron. The first blacksmiths were Ivashko Barmin and Vikhorko Ivanov, natives of Ustyuzhny Zhelezopolskaya, who had previously organized iron smelting in Tomsk ^[2] . The plant’s equipment was 2 cheese-blowing furnaces and 2 manual blacksmith furnaces ^[1] .

In 1630-1631, “to the sovereign’s iron business”, 12 people from plowed peasants were taken for work (to “business people”) from the nearest Nevyansk and Tagil settlements. At the same time, the conditions of their work were agreed upon: for a certain period of time — from “Semenov days of the summer conductor yes on Nikolin’s spring day” (from September 1 to May 9) —they had to make 400 pounds of “pure” “efficient” iron. In the summer period - “from Nikolina days to the Seeds of the Announcer” - iron production ceased and the peasants returned to their usual work in arable land and other crafts. This conscription led to the flight of "business people" and the shutdown of the plant in May 1632. Since November 1632, "ore peasants" appeared. This number of 14 people was determined by the factory staff of the "Nevyansk iron business." The factory manager and the Ore settlement were appointed clerk from Tobolsk. In addition to the inhabitants of the Rudnaya Sloboda, peasants from the surrounding settlements: Nevyanskaya, Tagilskaya, Nitsinskaya, and Irbitskaya were involved in the procurement of ore and coal. From the first iron were made 20 tweeters, 2 anchors, nails. In 1637, the plant burned, but was restored ^[1] . The number of people involved in factory work in 1646 was 13 people, in 1674 - 17 people, and according to the census of the Tobolsk district of 1681-1683, 72 courtyards of quitrent peasants, which leads to the idea of ​​additional recruits to the ore business at the plant ^[2] .

At the end of the XVI century - at the beginning of the XVII century, the Urals actively purchased iron products and critical iron for blacksmiths. The price of a pound of screaming iron in the 1620s in Veliky Ustyug and Solikamsk was 60 kopecks, and in Tobolsk it cost more than 1 ruble, and in distant prison islands it was even more expensive.

An obligatory part of the iron produced at the Nitsinsky plant in kritz in the amount of 400-500 pounds in the spring went down the river to Tobolsk during the years 1632-1699. At the plant, a total annual salary of 40 rubles was assigned for the work, including a fee of 12 “business people” of 2.5 rubles and two “shutters” of 5 rubles each. The cost of 1 pound of iron, taking into account all the costs, was 16 kopecks - 25.5 kopecks ^[3] .

In addition, in 1681-1683, the peasants on duty (72 yards) paid the sovereign a cash rent for iron smelting and from the arable land 72 rubles (a ruble from the yard), and from the excess plowing they paid the coffers separate bread in the fifth sheaf (20%) ^{[3 ]} .

At the end of the 19th century, in the Dalmatian monastery there was a bell with the inscription: “Lit in the Nevyansk factories in 1689, the month of August, after the blessing of the elder Dalmat and his son ...”, testifying that the plant continued its work in 1689.

Presumably, the plant worked until 1699 and was closed in connection with the transfer of production to the Nevyansk plant . The mine was flooded, forming Lake Povarennoe ^[1] .

In 1971, the monument was excavated: the remains of factory production were located in the very center of the village (30-50 meters southwest of the club and 80 meters north of the river). In 1991, another excavation was carried out, tied to the excavation A.I. Rassadovich: the cultural layer up to 1 meter was heavily saturated with the remains of metallurgical production: slag , charcoal , fragments of kritz, clay nozzles, a forged iron kriva half-shaped, edible core with a diameter 45 mm and weighing 350 g, probably cast, as well as a piece of frying pan for salt evaporation. No obvious remnants of any production facilities were found ^[4] . A description and an exemplary scheme of the plant was made ^[5] .