Golovshchik - the rank of a clergyman in Ancient Russia , who led the singers of each of the two choirs (faces) of the monastery or parish choir . In large monasteries, where worship was performed in several churches at once, the number of leaders increased to four or more. In ancient Russian convents, the nun who headed the choir bore the name of the head woman .
Information about the activities of the Old Russian leaders was preserved in documents and liturgical books of the XVI-XVII centuries. Beginning in the middle of the 17th century, the Old Russian standard singing in the Russian Church began to be replaced by partisan singing , and the name of the choir leader changed from a headman to a regent . At the beginning of the 20th century, the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary and the Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia defined the term “leader” as the chief assistant to the regent, the head of the left choir. At the beginning of the XXI century, both leaders - both right and left choir - are called "regent". The name "headman" is preserved in the Old Believers , where Znamenny singing is used .
The golovshchik is chosen as the best singer on the choir. He should have a good knowledge of the charter of church services , a good knowledge of hooks , and he needs to have a musical ear and have good vocal skills. Often the headman acts as the canonarch .
In the hook books there are numerous indications that this or that golovolnik had to execute (“first”, “other”).
The salary of the golovshchikov and kliroshan had a name in antiquity - "healed." In ancient times, the leaders, in addition to singing on the choir, were engaged in the rewriting of liturgical books. Individual leaders are known as heroes of military events. In July 1609, when the Polish detachment, Jan Sapieha , attempted to storm the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, an outstanding role in organizing the monastery’s defense was played by the leader of the right choir Paisy Litvinov and the leader of the left choir Guri Shishkin.
Among the Old Believers - Bespopovites , the leaders often lead the community.
See also
- Canonarch
- Regent
- Protokanonarch
Links
- Golovshchik // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Golovshchik // Orthodox Encyclopedia . - M .: Church Scientific Center "Orthodox Encyclopedia" , 2006. - T. XI. - S. 711. - 752 p. - 39,000 copies. - ISBN 5-89572-017-X .
- Golovshchik // Musical dictionary : in 3 volumes / comp. H. Riemann ; add. Russian department with staff. P. Weimarn and others; per. and all ext. under the editorship of Yu. D. Engel . - Per. from the 5th of it. ed. - Moscow — Leipzig: ed. B.P. Jurgenson , 1904 .
- The Orthodox Theological Encyclopedia or Theological Encyclopedic Dictionary, containing the information necessary for each information on all the most important subjects of theological knowledge in alphabetical order: edition, ed. prof. A.P. Lopukhina: with illustrations and maps. - Petrograd: T-in A.P. Lopukhin, 1900-1911. - 26 cm. - (Public Theological Library). T. 4: The Hague - Donatists. - 1903. - 4 p., 1216 / stb., 481
- Head // Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language : in 4 volumes / auth. V.I. Dahl . - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Printing house of M.O. Wolf , 1880-1882.