Hans Hartwig ( German: Hans Hartwig Beseler ; April 27, 1850 , Greifswald , Pomerania - December 20, 1921 , Potsdam ) - German military leader, infantry general, military governor of the territory of the Russian Kingdom of Poland , occupied in 1915 during the First World War, the German and Austro-Hungarian forces.
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Content
Career start
Born in the family of a doctor of law. In 1868 he entered the service of the Prussian army, participated in the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-1871. In 1888 he received the rank of major and the post at the General Staff, in 1898-1899 he commanded the regiment, in 1899 he became Oberkvartirmeister, in 1903 he received the rank of lieutenant general and command of the division, in 1904 he became general inspector of engineering troops and fortresses, in 1907 received the rank of general; In 1911 he retired.
World War I
He was one of the retired generals, again called up for service in 1914 in connection with the outbreak of World War I and who received important posts in the army; initially headed the 3rd reserve corps. He led the siege of the Belgian city of Antwerp , which took place on October 10, 1914. Then he was the commander of the 4th corps of the German army in the battle lost to her at Isere .
In the spring of 1915 he was transferred to the Eastern Front, where he headed the 3rd reserve corps of the 10th army. On May 10, his troops used war gases against the V Siberian Corps of the 2nd Army. On August 20 of that year, troops under his command took Novogeorgievsk . From August 27, 1915 to November 1918 he was the German military governor-general of the Kingdom of Poland with a seat in Warsaw; trying, having achieved only insignificant successes, to form the Polish national government and parliament under German patronage, as well as create a Polish army that would operate under German control. On October 4, 1916, he passed a decree on the forced labor of all male Poles between the ages of 18 and 45.
Recent years
The Compiegne truce and the November Revolution in Germany put an end to the rule of Bezler, and after the independence of Poland, the German Governor-General left the country together with the German occupation forces. At home, he was harshly criticized by nationalists for the "liberal" management of the occupied territories; died three years later.
Bibliography
- This article (section) contains text taken (translated) from the eleventh edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica , which went into the public domain .
- Bezeler, Hans Hartwig // Nordisk Familjebok (Swedish)
- Bezler, Hans Hartwig // Neue Deutsche Biographie (German)
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 133571262 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 1 2 filmportal.de - 2005.