Bade Ngizim

In all classifications of the Chadian languages , the composition of the bade-ngizim (or bade) group includes the same composition of idioms . Moreover, the degree of kinship of these idioms, their place in the hierarchy and language status are determined differently in each of the classifications.

In the classification of Chadian languages ​​published in the work of S. A. Burlak and S. A. Starostin, “Comparative Historical Linguistics,” the group of languages ​​bade-ngizim includes the languages bade , ngizim , duvai , ayyukawa and shirava ^[5] .

In the classification presented in the directory of the languages ​​of the world Ethnologue (author - ), the group bade-nguizim (bade, or group B.1 - in the terminology of the directory) is divided into two subgroups (only three living languages ​​are mentioned) ^{[1] [7] [11]} :

• subgroup dui:
  • blow;
• subgroup bade (actually bade):
  • dialect dialect:
    • Western bade (Amshi, Maagwaram, Magwaram) ;
    • gashua bade (mazgarua) ;
    • southern bade (bade kado) ;
  • ngizim.

In the classification of the Afrasian languages ​​of the British linguist Roger Blench , the group called bade includes six idioms: bade, duvai, ngizim, ayuk (ayyukawa), shira (shirava) and teshena (teshenava) ^{[6] [12]} . In the early works, all six were considered as independent languages, later Roger Blench, on the basis of an analysis of the surviving list of Shiraw words, noted a strong similarity between Shirab and Bad. According to his point of view, Shirava was one of the dialects of the Bade language ^[13] .

In the classification of Chadian languages, published in a linguistic encyclopedic dictionary in an article by V. Ya. Porhomovsky “Chadian Languages”, three living languages ​​are mentioned in the Bade group: Bade, Ngizim and Duvai ^[8] .

The Czech linguist Vaclav Blazek combines the languages ​​Bade, Ngizim, Duvai, Shira and Teshen into a group of Bade Ngizim ^[14] :

According to Russell Schuh, the West Chadian language group B.1 includes the following languages ​​and dialects ^[15] :

Range and abundance

In the subgroup Bade Ngizim, the most common language in terms of number of speakers and occupied territory is the Bade language. Bade is also distinguished in comparison with the languages ​​Duvai and Nguizim as the most dialectically fractional ^[16] .

Sociolinguistic information

The languages ​​of the badengizim group are quite different from each other and are almost incomprehensible ^[1] . At the same time, the Duvai language is the most distant from the rest, and the Bade and Ngizim languages ​​are more similar to each other. The differences between the dialects of bade are also significant - some researchers believe that these dialects can be called independent languages ^[17] . Thus, for example, according to Russell Schuh, in a number of aspects the dialects of bade differ more strongly than with the Ngizim language. Nevertheless, the holders of the bade dialects say that they can understand the speech of residents of other regions of the territory of the settlement of bade . This may be due to the presence of “passive diglossia, ” which has developed under the conditions of long inter-dialect contacts caused by geographical proximity, political, commercial, cultural and other ties ^[16] .

• Schuh RG Shira, Teshena, Auyo: Hausa's (former) eastern neighbors // Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika (Historical Language Contact in Africa) / D. Nurse (ed.). - Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2001. - No. 16/17 . - P. 387-435. Archived on May 28, 2017. (Retrieved May 28, 2017)

• Bade Group (English) (html). MultiTree: A Digital Library of Language Relationships (2009). Archived December 7, 2016. (Retrieved December 7, 2016)
• Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Bank, Sebastian: Subfamily: West Chadic B B.1 . . Jena: (2016). Archived December 7, 2016. (Retrieved December 7, 2016)