Komissarov, Osip Ivanovich

Komissarov was from the village of Molvitino, Buisky district, Kostroma province . Since the natives of this village have long been engaged in sewing hats and caps in big cities, Osip Komissarov, too, from early childhood was sent to the teachings of Petersburg hatmaker Sadov.

April 4, 1866 Komissarov, passing by the Summer Garden , saw a carriage standing at the gate, around which onlookers crowded. Upon learning that the stroller belongs to the king, who was walking in the garden, he joined the crowd. Soon he saw Alexander II , who, going to the stroller, began to put on his greatcoat. But then a young man ( D. Karakozov ) began roughly pushing past Komissarov forward, reaching for a gun and aiming at the emperor.

“I myself don’t know what, but my heart somehow began to beat especially when I saw this man who was hastily breaking through the crowd; I involuntarily watched him, but then, however, forgot him when the sovereign approached. Suddenly I see that he took out and aimed the gun: in a moment it seemed to me that if I would throw myself at him or push his hand to the side, he would kill someone else or me, and I involuntarily and forcefully pushed his hand up; then I don’t remember anything; I was completely bewildered by myself. ”

After the scattered news about saving the tsar from the hand of a murderer, a simple Russian peasant began to create something unimaginable in the city. In all churches, crowds of people flocked to solemn prayers for the health of the sovereign. Already on the evening of April 4, Osip Ivanovich Komissarov, dressed appropriately for the occasion, attended a reception at the Winter Palace , where he received imperial hugs and warm thanks. Alexander II hung the Vladimir Cross of the IV degree on his chest and elevated him to hereditary nobles with the assignment of a surname - Komissarov-Kostroma.

Komissarova hit a stream of awards, congratulations and gifts. On April 9, 1866, N. A. Nekrasov , while honoring O. I. Komissarov at the English Club, read a panegyric poem ^[2] , which, coupled with a hymn to Muravyov-Vilensky, seriously damaged the poet’s reputation among liberal intelligentsia ^[3] .

On September 1, the Summer Garden held a ceremony to lay the chapel of St. Alexander Nevsky in memory of the king’s miraculous deliverance from death. An eloquent entry in his diary was made that day by the Minister of the Interior P. A. Valuev :

Quite a lot of people. Among the persons participating in the ceremony was the Commissars. He stood beside his inventor, General Totleben. It is decorated with various foreign orders, which gives it the appearance of an official who has traveled abroad in a retinue of tall persons. Conjuncture. Today is the laying of the chapel, tomorrow the funeral of Muravyov , the day after tomorrow the execution of Karakozov.

About a year after the assassination attempt, Komissarov’s guardian E.I. Totleben identified him as a junker in the Pavlograd 2nd Life Hussar Regiment . Representatives of the noble families who served in this elite regiment were contemptuous of the newly made nobleman. Not having sufficient willpower to preserve his identity, Komissarov-Kostroma gained fame as a reckless cuticle and drunkard. After retiring in 1877, with the rank of captain, Komissarov settled on the estate he had been granted in the Poltava province and took up gardening and beekeeping. He died in 1892 .

• Hereditary nobility ^[4] , honorary nickname of Kostroma and a lifetime pension of 3 thousand rubles
• Order of St. Vladimir 4th degree
• Medal "April 4, 1866" , established specifically for the awarded
• Commander's Cross of the Order of Franz Joseph (Austria-Hungary)
• Cavalier of the Legion of Honor (France)

• The deed of the peasant Osip Komisarov was compared with the feat of Ivan Susanin , especially since his native village of Molvitino was located only 12 miles from the village of Domnino , the homeland of Susanin. ^[5] ; in the theaters they played the opera “ Life for the Tsar ”, the course of which was interrupted many times by the general singing “ God Save the Tsar ” ^[5] . The Moscow historian and public figure M. P. Pogodin suggested using the money raised from all over Russia to buy Komissarov’s estate and call it “Domnino the Second”. ^[6]
• A number of city representative assemblies, and in particular the Moscow City Duma, awarded Komissarov-Kostroma the title of honorary citizen ^[7] . The meeting of the inhabitants of the Ascension Posad ( Ivanovo-Voznesensk ) decided to award Komissarov the title of Honorary Citizen of the Posad. The title was approved on April 30, 1866. Thus, O. I. Komissarov is an honorary citizen of the city of Ivanov . ^[eight]
• The Ministry of War in St. Petersburg collected among the officers 9 thousand rubles to the house for Komissarov. The Moscow nobility presented him with a golden sword. The Moscow English Club made the former peasant his honorary member. The former owner of Komissarova, the owner of the village of Molvitin, Baron Kister on April 10 at the Moskovsky tavern gave a dinner for the peasants of the village of Molvitino living in Moscow, who gathered about 40 people.
• The St. Petersburg Mint struck a medal "In memory of the miraculous salvation of Emperor Alexander II on April 4, 1866" with a portrait of Komissarov-Kostromsky on the obverse. ^[6]
• In the village of Molvitino, a monument was erected to Komissarov-Kostroma, which stood until 1917. ^[9]
• Special honors were given to Komissarov in the Yenisei province , where his father, Ivan Aleksandrovich Komissarov, was exiled to Nazarovskoye village for theft. Ivan Alexandrovich arrived at a settlement in Nazarovo on April 1, 1858. His wife, Evgenia Ivanovna, in the same year voluntarily followed her husband into exile. She died in Nazarovo in 1865 ^[10] . The governor of the Yenisei province P.N. Zamyatnin ordered a half-length portrait of Osip Komissarov. The portrait was hanged in the Noble Assembly of Krasnoyarsk . Residents of Krasnoyarsk raised a thousand rubles for Osip Komissarov-Kostroma to purchase a house. In the male gymnasium of Krasnoyarsk, several Komissar scholarships were established ^[11] .
• April 4, 1868 in the village of Nazarovsky, Achinsk district opened an almshouse to them. O. I. Komissarova-Kostroma ^[12] .
• In Moscow, the name “Komissarovskaya” was given to a two-year craft school for children of poor parents and orphans with training in tailoring, shoemaking and bookbinding, which became the founder of MSTU MAMI ^[13] .

• Osip Komissarov - the hero of his time (inaccessible link) " Evening Moscow ". October 28, 2009.
• Osip Ivanovich Komisarov-Kostroma, who saved the tsar’s life on April 4, 1866, a former Kostroma peasant, and now a nobleman . - M. , 1866.
• The fourth of April 1866 and its patriotic significance in Russia ...