Meadow meadow ( lat. Poa praténsis ) - perennial plant ; a species of the Myatlik ( Poa ) family of the Poaceae family; forage grass, one of the earliest cereals.
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 Tops of stems with panicles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Poa pratensis L. , 1753 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Content
Dissemination and ecology
In nature , the species range covers temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere . Naturalized in Australia and New Zealand [2] .
In 1955, the grass meadow grass was accidentally brought to the north of the Antarctic Peninsula , where the local population still exists, occupying an area of about 1 m² [3] .
It grows in meadows, fields and forest edges.
It grows on various soils , even on sandy ones, although it prefers loose, medium-humid, fertile lands. Resistant to weather conditions. In the meadows it grows very thick, the sod is not thick.
After cutting, the shoots are drawn out slowly and reach no more than 30 cm.
Botanical description
Top down: Stalk and leaves. Spikelets |
Plant with creeping and underground shoots , forming sometimes quite thick, loose turf. Stems 30–90 cm high, less often 10–20, ascending, smooth.
Leaves narrowly linear, up to 4 mm wide, flat, smooth or slightly rough. Uvula length 0.5-2 mm, dull.
A whisk up to 20 cm long, oblong or pyramidal, multi-spiked, with rough sprigs sitting 3-5 each together. Spikelets ovoid, 3.5-6 mm long, 2-5- flowered , green, rarely purple. Glumes almost identical, pointed; flower lanceolate, with prominent pubescent veins, at the base with numerous connective fibers.
The greatest development reaches in the second and third year. It blooms only once a year , but under favorable conditions it can produce a second cut.
Meaning and application
Valuable plant for dry and fresh meadows and pastures, cultivated with a mixture of forage grasses, where it comes in an amount of 5-10%. Germinates in 7-8 days, the average germination of 27%, dirt - 24%, households. shelf life - 20%. Seed collection in July and August , until fully ripe. Due to the long hair covering the back and sides of the seed, the whole mass of seeds easily clumps together. Before sowing, rub them through a sieve. Mowed bluegrass on hay to 70% of its weight. Hay is poor in water, rich in protein substances. Both fresh and in dry form, it is a tender and nutritious food, readily eaten by all kinds of livestock. On average, it gives about 1600 kg of hay per hectare. It is also suitable for pastures. In North America it is the most important grazing land and ranks second after timothy in crop value. The unofficial nickname of Kentucky ( Bluegrass State ) is associated with bluegrass (eng. Bluegrass , lit. "blue grass"), cultivated in these places; English bluegrass name was transferred to one of the genres of country music - bluegrass , which originated in Kentucky.
It is also used as a lawn grass.
Representatives
Within a species, a number of subspecies are distinguished [4] [2] :
- Poa pratensis subsp. alpigena ( Blytt ) Hiitonen - Alpine bluegrass.
- [ syn. Poa alpigena ( Blytt ) Lindm. - Bluegrass High Mountain]
- Poa pratensis subsp. angustifolia ( L. ) Dumort. - Bluegrass
- [ syn. Poa angustifolia L. - Bluegrass narrow-leaved]
- Poa pratensis subsp. colpodea ( Th.Fries. ) Tzvel. - Bluegrass Kolpodiyevy
- Poa pratensis subsp. pratensis - bluegrass meadow
- Poa pratensis subsp. rigens ( Hartm. ) Tzvel. - Bluegrass harsh
- Poa pratensis subsp. sabulosa ( Roshev. ) Tzvel. - Bluegrass sandy
- Poa pratensis subsp. sergievskajae ( Probat. ) Tzvel. - Bluegrass Sergievskaya
- Poa pratensis subsp. skrjabinii tzvel. - Bluegrass Scriabin
- Poa pratensis subsp. sobolevskiana ( Gudoschn. ) Tzvel. - Bluegrass Sobolevskaya
Notes
- ↑ On the conditionality of specifying the class of monocotyledons as a higher taxon for the group of plants described in this article, see the “APG Systems” section of the article “Monocotyledons” .
- ↑ 1 2 According to the GRIN website (see the plant card).
- ↑ Pertierra LR et al. Poa pratensis L., current status of the longest-established non-native vascular plant in the Antarctic // Polar Biology. - October 2013. - Vol. 36, number 10 . P. 1473–148. - ISSN 0722-4060 . - DOI : 10.1007 / s00300-013-1367-8 .
- ↑ According to the book "The Cereals of the USSR" (see. Literature ).
Literature
- Rozhevits R. Yu. Genus 167. Bluegrass - Poa // Flora of the USSR : in 30 t. / Ch. ed. V.L. Komarov . - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1934. - T. 2 / ed. Toma R. Yu. Rozhevits , B. K. Shishkin . - p. 388. - 778, XXXIII p. - 5175 copies
- Tsvelev N.N. Genus 88. Bluegrass - Poa // Cereals of the USSR / resp. ed. An. A. Fedorov . - L .: Science , 1976. - p. 456-458. - 788 s. - 2900 copies
- Gubanov, I.A., et al. 197. Poa pratensis L., Meadowgrass, Meadow / / Illustrated Guide of Plants in Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, In-t technologist. survey., 2002. - T. 1. Ferns, horsetails, moss, gymnosperms, angiosperms (monocots). - p. 291. - ISBN 8-87317-091-6 .
- Bluegrass // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 t. (82 tons and 4 extra.). - SPb. , 1890-1907.