Stankevich, Jan

Born in the village of Orlenyaty (now Smorgon district , Grodno region , Republic of Belarus ).

Primary education: city school in Oshmyany . Reader and correspondent of Our Niva . In World War I - in the field of the Russian army ( Romanian front ), in 1917 he was taken prisoner by the Austrian.

Member of the congress of Belarusian national organizations in Minsk (March 1917), the congress of teachers of the Minsk province (May 1917). Since December 1917 in Vilna , a participant in the creation of the Belarusian Scientific Society. As part of the delegation from the Vilna Belarussian Rada, he participated in the session of the Rada of the Belarusian People’s Republic in Minsk (March 24–25, 1918) and, from November 1918, in the work of the Lithuanian Tariba . After joining the Red Army in Vilnius, he worked in the literary and publishing department of the People’s Commissariat of Education of the Lithuanian-Belarusian SSR , and headed the Veda Belarusian publishing house. During the Polish-Soviet war of 1919-1920, a member of the Central Belarusian Council of Vilnius and Grodno region, the Presidium of the Belarusian Central School Council. Organizes Belarusian teacher training courses in Slutsk (1920), Belarusian schools in Middle Lithuania (1920/21). ^{[2] [3]}

He graduated from the Vilnius Belarusian Gymnasium (1921), Charles University in Prague (1926). Doctor of Slavic Philology and History (1926). He taught Belarusian at the University of Warsaw (1928-1932) and Stefan Batory University in Vilna (1927-1940). He was published in Lastovsky ’s magazine “Kryvich,” in Western Belarusian publications. He edited the journal "Rodnaya Mova" (1930-1931). ^[3]

Jan Stankiewicz was the ambassador of the Sejm of Poland from the Lida district (1928-1930). Non - partisan supporter of the least resistance to the Polish authoritarian state, he was repeatedly criticized by Belarusian politicians. He spoke in favor of the Lithuanian presence in Vilna. In 1939 he was arrested by the Polish authorities ( Lukiski prison ). ^{[3] [4]}

In 1940, Janka Stankevich went to Warsaw , where he joined the activities of the Belarusian Committee. Stankevich collaborated with Vaclav Ivanovsky , tried to establish contacts with the Polish underground , created a conspiratorial group called the Party of Belarusian Nationalists (PBN), whose goal was to restore Belarusian statehood in reliance on Poland. Since the fall of 1941, he lived in Minsk , where the PBN Central Committee also moved, and did not work for long in the school department of the Minsk City Council. Since the end of 1943, Stankevich in Prague, later returned to Minsk, where he got a job as a history teacher at the police officer school. He was a member of the Belarusian People’s Self-Help , the Belarusian Independence Party , the scientific department of the Belarusian Central Council , the new Belarusian Scientific Society. Member of the Second All-Belarusian Congress .

Since 1944, Jan Stankevich has been in exile ( Germany ). He taught history in Munich ( Ukrainian Free University ), Regensburg (Belarusian Gymnasium named after Yanka Kupala), and resumed the activities of the Belarusian Scientific Society. ^[one]

Since 1949, Stankevich lived in the USA , participated in the work of the Belarusian-American Union, the Belarusian-American Union, the revived BNR Council, published the Veda, Nezalezhnіk magazines, collaborated with the Belarusian Institute of Science and Art and its publication Zapisy, the journal “Syabit”, newspapers “Fatherland” (Munich), “Belarus” (New York) and others. For the sake of encouraging Belarusian studies, he founded the Great Lithuanian Foundation named after Lev Sapega. ^[2]

Died in Hawthorne, Basseyk County, New Jersey , USA ^[5] . He was buried at the Belarusian cemetery in South River , New Jersey. ^[3]

Stankevich’s linguistic purism resulted in the use of numerous neologisms , borrowings from northwestern Belarusian dialects and West Russian language . He proposed the names “Kryviya”, “Vyalikalitva” (“ Kryvichy ”, “ vyalikalitsviny ”) for Belarus, which he once outraged the Belarusian immigrants of Germany ^[6] . The polite forms “spadar / spadarya” (Mr. / Madam), an alternative to the forms “ pan / pani / panna ”, have come into use not only among the post-war Belarusian diaspora, but - since the 1990s - and among the whole nation.

In 1929, Stankevich published in Vilna a retelling of the books Robinson Crusoe and The Further Adventures of Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe . Twice (1959, 1970) in the translation of Stankevich, the New Testament was published, and later, with the help of Moisey Gitlin , the first complete Bible in the Belarusian language was seen (1973, New York ) ^[7] .

Jan Stankevich is the author of works on Belarusian history, historiography, linguistics (about 40 books and 100 articles). Cyrillic transliterated one of the arabographic Tatar manuscripts in Belarusian in the 1st half of the 18th century (Kitab Lutskevich).

Books, Brochures

• Belarusian Muslims and Belarusian literature in Arabic. Vilna, 1933 (3rd ed. Mn., 1991);
• Gіstarychny creations / Jan Stankevich. - Mensk: Enceklapedyks, 2003 .-- 772 p. - ISBN 985-6599-77-6 .
• Gistoryya Belarusian language. Vilna, 1939 (rep. Issue: Mn., 1992);
• Drukary Yvan Khvedarovіch Ragaza and Peter Mtsіtsіslavets. New York, 1969;
• 3 Ukrainian dachynennya yes Vyalikalіtvy-Belarusі. New York, 1970;
• Zmen Grammatikі Belarusian language ў BSRR. Vilna, 1936 (rep. Issue: Mn., 1991);
• The book of vuchyzza chytaty i pisatsk lats_nkay (Mn., 1943).
• Kry Беларусьya-Belarus at minulast / Jan Stankevich. - Vilnius - Belastok: Institute of Belarus - Belarussian hysteric goods, 2010. - 772 p. - ISBN 83-60456-22-4 .
• The course of Gistory Kryvy - Belarus. - Prague, 1941.
• Lemantars are pre-transitional from Lacіnіtsy to Kіrylіtsu (Mn., 1942).

Articles

• Belorussia dances and jіhnyaye rasyasylennye / Ya. Stankevich // Rodnaya mov. - 1930. - No. 1 - 2. - C .; No. 3 - 4. - S.
• Gistoryya Belarus і Racean Chornaya Hundred // Spadchyna. - 1998. - No. 2. - S.
• Hanging apavadanny Belarus (kryvytsky) years of the year / Ya. Stankevich // Malaya Belarus. Prince I. - Vilna, 1936. - S.

Dictionaries

• Small mask-Belarusian (kryvytsky) phrases phrases and words are called prizes, tips and tricks. Mensk. 1944
• Dr. Y. Stankevich. Belarus-rasiysk (Vyalikalitoska-rasiysk) Sloven. Byelorussian-Russian (Greatlitvan-Russian) Dictionary by Dr. J. Stankevich. - Published by: Lew Sapieha Greatlitvan (Byelorussian) Foundation, New York. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 89-092248.

Proceedings

• “Kry Беларусьya-Belarus at minilatsi"
• "The course of history of Ukraine-Belarus"
• “Ethnographic and hystory teratory_ granitsy of Belarus”
• “Hanging apavadanny Belarus (kryvitskіkh) years of the year”
• "Belarusians are dancing"
• Belarusian latsіnka ad Yana Stankevicha // Historical truth
• The Holy Bible: Books of Holy Writing of the Old Testament to the Law

About Stankevich

• Janka "Spadar" Stankevich // Yuras Bushlyakў, Adam Vorshych
• The Names of Liberty // Ўладзімер Арлоў
• Yurka Stankevich: “Nicholas are not foolish for the Americans” // Yanina Melnikava

• [BM] V. Vyachorka , S. Shupa. Stankevich Yan // Belarus Movement: Enceklapedyya / Pad Red. A. Ya. Mikhnevich. - Mn .: BelEn, 1994 .-- 655 p.
• [Sailors] Yanka Stankevich // L. U. Marakoў . Represavaniya literati, navukoўcy, work asveti, grammadі i cultural dzheyachy Belarusі, 1794-1991: Enz. davennik at 10 t. - Mn. , 2003. - T. 2. - ISBN 985-6374-04-9 .
• [EGB] Stankevich Yanka. (Alyaksandr Vabishevich, Uladzіmіr Lyakhouski.) // Entsiklapedia histories of Belarus: U 6 t. 6. Book 1: Puzyiny - Usaya / Redkal: G. P. Pashkoў [іінш.]. - Mn .: BelEn, 2001 .-- 591 p.
• [BS] Byelorussian Statehood: Reader and Bibliography. New York: Belarusian Institute of Arts and Sciences, 1988. [1]
• Jackiewicz Mieczysław (red.), "Wileńska encyklopedia 1939-2005", Warszawa 2007, ISBN 83-89913-95-1